Cardiac Doppler: The Basics Ex

1. Obstructive Doppler flow creates a(n) _________ in velocity with associated _________.

a.) decrease, velocity spread
b.) increase, turbulence
c.) increase, laminar flow
d.) decrease, gradient flow

You said:
b). increase, turbulence

Correct!

Refer to Increased Velocity and Nonlaminar Flow for further study.

See: Increased Velocity and Nonlaminar Flow

2. The________ is the theoretical maximum frequency that can be accurately measured.

a.) PRF
b.) Nyquist limit
c.) scale
d.) Bernoulli equation

You said:
b). Nyquist limit

Correct!

Refer to The Nyquist Limit for further study.

See: The Nyquist Limit

3. Obtaining a true velocity measurement requires a ________ transducer beam.

a.) parallel
b.) perpendicular
c.) CW
d.) nonparallel

You said:
a). parallel

Correct!

Refer to The Most Accurate Velocity Measurements for further study.

See: The Most Accurate Velocity Measurements

4. To correct the spectral waveform tracing either ________ or _______.

a.) decrease sample gate depth, increase sweep speed
b.) change zero line position, use a CW transducer
c.) decrease PRF, use a higher frequency transducer
d.) increase depth, use a lower frequency transducer

You said:
b). change zero line position, use a CW transducer

Correct!

Refer to Aliasing for further study.

See: Aliasing

5. To detect valvular insufficiency place the sample volume ______ the regurgitant jet.

a.) beyond
b.) distal to
c.) proximal to
d.) within

You said:
c). proximal to

Correct!

Refer to Abnormal Flow Patterns for further study.

See: Examples of Abnormal Flow Patterns

6. Which of the images below represent a CW spectrum?

a.) A
b.) B
c.) C
d.) D

You said:
b). B

Correct!

Refer to Differences in the CW and PW Spectrum for further study.

See: Differences in the CW and PW Spectrum

7. The CW transducer has

a.) range gating
b.) 126 channels
c.) one crystal
d.) two crystals

You said:
d). two crystals

Correct!

Refer to The Continuous Wave Transducer for further study.

See: The Continuous Wave Transducer

8. The CW tracing appears filled because

a.) of a high Doppler gain setting.
b.) the display includes blood flow information from the entire beam.
c.) the display includes blood flow information from range gating.
d.) the flow has multiple abnormal velocities resulting in spectral broadening.

You said:
b). the display includes blood flow information from the entire beam.

Correct!

Refer to Differences in the CW and PW Spectrum for further study.

See: Differences in the CW and PW Spectrum

9. Blood flow traveling toward the transducer results in a(n) _____ waveform.

a.) compressed
b.) elongated
c.) pitched
d.) decreased

You said:
c). pitched

Incorrect!

Refer to The Doppler Effect for further study.

See: The Doppler Effect

10. This image demonstrates the proper gate placement for the

a.) aorta.
b.) TV.
c.) MV.
d.) PA.

You said:
d). PA.

Correct!

Refer to The Doppler Equation for further study.

See: The Doppler Equation

11. The only advantage of using PW Doppler in an area that exceeds the Nyquist limit is

a.) to use range gating.
b.) the accuracy of velocity measurements.
c.) to localize a stenosis.
d.) to decrease aliasing.

You said:
c). to localize a stenosis.

Correct!

Refer to Differences in the CW and PW Spectrum for further study.

See: Differences in the CW and PW Spectrum

12. The width of the sample volume depends upon the transducer _____ and the sample volume_______.

a.) frequency, angle
b.) beamwidth, size
c.) profile, depth
d.) footprint, number

You said:
d). footprint, number

Incorrect!

Refer to Range Gating for further study.

See: Range Gating

13. The normal spectral waveform for the Left Ventricular Inflow from the apical position displays ________ the zero baseline.

a.) below
b.) above
c.) bidirectionally
d.) around

You said:
a). below

Correct!

Refer to Examples of Normal PW Doppler Flow Patterns for further study.

See: Examples of Normal PW Doppler Flow Patterns

14. ________ is the unit used to describe the Doppler frequency shift.

a.) Velocity
b.) MHz
c.) Frequency
d.) Hertz

You said:
a). Velocity

Incorrect!

Refer to The Doppler Equation for further study.

See: The Doppler Equation

15. Imaging the _________ with the CW transducer requires a suprasternal approach.

a.) descending aorta
b.) RVOT
c.) LV inflow
d.) left pulmonary artery flow

You said:
d). left pulmonary artery flow

Incorrect!

Refer to CW Transducer Technique for further study.

See: CW Transducer Technique

16. Transducer frequency and ________ determine the maximum velocity measured during a PW Doppler tracing.

a.) Nyquist limit
b.) PRF
c.) aliasing
d.) sweep speed

You said:
a). Nyquist limit

Incorrect!

Refer to Pulse Repetition Frequency for further study.

See: Pulse Repetition Frequency

17. A CW beam interrogating the RVOT and pulmonary artery results in a waveform display _____ the zero baseline.

a.) towards
b.) away from
c.) above
d.) below

You said:
d). below

Correct!

Refer to Examples of Normal CW Doppler Flow Patterns for further study.

See: Examples of Normal PW Doppler Flow Patterns

18. The image below displays blood flow

a.) towards the transducer.
b.) away from the transducer.
c.) that is unidirecitonal.
d.) from a stenotic PA.

You said:
b). away from the transducer.

Correct!

Refer to Direction of Flow for further study.

See: Direction of Flow