科学是人类探索自然真理的活动,其根本目的当然不是冲着神学和上帝去的,但是科学的发现给基督教教义带来的常常是毁灭性的冲击。面对这种随科学揭示真理而来的根本性打击,教会自然不会听之任之。所以历史上和现实中就上演了一幕幕神学进攻科学的活剧。Andrew Dickson White 在他的 A history of the warfare of science with theology in Christendom 对此做了精彩的总结。Andrew 写到:
We have already noted that there are generally three periods or phases in a theological attack upon any science. The first of these is marked by the general use of ural texts and statements against the new scientific doctrine; the third by attempts at compromise by means of far-fetched reconciliations of textual statements with ascertained fact; but the second or intermediate period between these two is frequently marked by the pitting against science of some great doctrine in theology.