在美国,用人单位(employer)对新员工的雇用在先期大都有个probation period。这个probation period的长度一般可以有六到一年不等(有例外)。在probation period结束之前,如果新员工的工作表现不能达到最低标准或触犯上班纪律,雇主可以让这样的新员工随时走人。
在中国现在雇主对新雇员工也有个试用期,这试用期就类似于美国的probation period。
无论是什么行业(国家的私营的、地上的地下的),这试用期对雇主和新雇员工都有好处。
先说对雇员的好处。员工接受技能训练或职业教育是一种投资,有成本。对一般的技工学校之类的就业训练,成本是由受训者承担的。可是在试用期,新员工的工作很大一部分是on-job training,即在职训练。这种特殊的职业训练,员工不仅不承担任何成本,还要拿薪水。为什么? 原因就是"家有家规行有行情",每家公司都有自己的规矩,每个企业都有自己的特点,每个行业都有自己的要求。许多企业之间的技能不能通用,员工在某家企业接受的训练,离了这家去别家用处通用性不大,所以要求员工承担这样的训练成本是不合适的。
在企业来说,提供on-job training能保证每个新员工在最短时间内获得最起码的生产技能,并让他们有机会尽快成为熟练工人形成高效的生产力。同时也给企业自己留有余地,一旦发现不合格人员或破坏劳动纪律者可以及时辞退。因为无论在西方还是东方,现代社会变得越来越人性,加上工会势力,使得企业在与员工签署正式公用合同之后,解雇员工比之以前越来越难。
这试用期及在职训练还给企业和员工提供一种互利: 随着新雇员工迅速成为高效生产者,企业对员工就更愿意支付高额薪水。这样就会形成正反馈,接受高额薪水的员工也会减少"跳槽"心态,员工和企业的雇用关系也将更加稳定,这就会让企业始终保持员工队伍的经验丰富技能娴熟,使得整个企业长久保持高效生产力。
对试用期和在职训练的好处说了这么多,我们也应该想到如果没有试用期和在职训练,对企业的生产力和员工素质将会有致命打击。但是,某些行业的"员工"技能低下或许会给社会带来好处,前两天的一则新闻说明了这一点。虽然故事里的那个行当不是很多人愿意干,但那低劣的"员工素质"却给警察叔叔提供了方便。
83-year-old woman foils purse snatcher
An 83-year-old great-grandmother thwarted a would-be purse snatcher with a gas nozzle and an iron grip.
显然,这故事说得是"抢劫小偷"行业,purse snatcher = 扒手。前一阵见过一篇报道,讲的就是在美国小偷是如何训练的,可见小偷这行也讲究on-job training (一时找不出那则报道,但这篇是针对它去的)。从新闻的开篇看,这位抢贼是新手,技能低劣,让一位83岁的太祖母(great-grandmother)给制住了。83岁great grandmother,那倒霉小子栽倒在太祖母手里,给够背的。
Bernie Garcia said a young man approached her at a gas station as she was buying fuel for her van and asked for money. When she told him she had spent all her spare change on gas, he tried to grab her purse.
太祖母名叫Bernie Garcia,她说在她加油时一位年轻人走过来向她要钱。她告诉小年轻她的钱已用来加油了没钱给他,但这时小年轻就开始抢她的钱包。
"But I had it wrapped around my wrist twice," Garcia said, and he was unable to pull it away. She fought back, spraying his shirt with some gasoline. Both of them kept hold of the purse, and he pulled her to the ground and dragged her a short distance until another man confronted him.
可是太祖母的钱包在手腕上绕了两圈抢贼一时抢不去。这时太祖母奋起反击,对着贼人喷射出愤怒的汽油。可恶的贼人将太祖母摁倒在地并把她拖出一段距离,幸好这时英雄救老美的人出现了。
The second man demanded, "Turn her loose, you something something," Garcia said. The would-be mugger jumped into a nearby vehicle and fled. But a witness got the license plate number, and minutes later, police stopped the car. It had been reported stolen from Espanola, said Santa Fe Deputy Police Chief Aric Wheeler. Garcia and a witness identified one of the men inside as the attacker. He and two other men in the car were charged with robbery and conspiracy. "They got caught and I'm so glad," Garcia said.
来的这位男子大声说道: 松开她。抢贼见势不妙拔腿就跑,跳上旁边等待的面包车逃了。但这时还有另一位革命群众记下了抢贼的车牌号码。只几分钟后,警察逮住了那辆车,发现这车也是偷来的。经指正,抢贼正在车内被抓了个现行,车内还有二位,正好都被警察一锅烩了。太祖母看到他们被抓很是高兴。
She said she felt fine after the attack, and police say she declined medical attention at the scene. But when she got home, she said, she felt faint and went to bed and woke up Thursday very sore. Her son, a former firefighter, checked her out and found no broken bones.
令人称奇的是,受攻击后,太祖母当时说她身体并无大碍拒绝去医院检查。只是回到家后有些头晕,第二天(星期四)感到周身酸痛。太祖母的儿子以前是消防队的,给他妈做了检查,但也没发现有骨折现象。太祖母真是硬骨头好身板。
"My son said, `Why didn't you just give (the purse) up?'" Garcia said. "`Hell no,' I told him. That was my purse. I was fighting for what was mine."
儿子说: 老妈你干嘛不把钱包就给那抢贼(值当的吗)? 可太祖母说: 见鬼去! 那是我的钱包。我要为属于我的而战斗。这番豪言壮语,不知道的还以为太祖母刚从中国回来呢。
I was fighting for what was mine -- 这就是美国精神。我的! 私有财产! 这个理念需要理直气壮,有时还要用生命去保护。太祖母用自己年迈的身体为我们做出了表率。
83岁太祖母勇斗抢贼,可歌可泣。
那位贼人,按贼人"职业技能"的标准显然不是训练有素,未能达成"生产任务",应该开除出贼人队伍。但我们还是希望那些无论是中国的外国的强盗贼人们,职业技能都如这位贼人一样低劣。
词汇
gas nozzle -- 加油管的油嘴(英文称鼻,nozzle = nose。一般人用nose,动物鼻子前伸,用nozzle).
purse snatcher -- 抢前包的,扒手。
would-be -- 这儿当"未能如愿"讲;本想要当抢贼,被老妇人制住没当成,所以是"本来能成"却未能当成。
purse -- 女用钱包,男子的钱包是wallet(也叫屁包,因常后插于屁兜而得名)。这"公母"要分清。
turn her loose -- 松开她,放开她。
mugger -- 抢劫的贼人
license plate number -- 汽车牌号。其实应该是registration number,有时也简称tag number。在美国,驾照号码是license number,在很多州,这号码就是驾驶人的社会安全号码(social security number)。车的登记号码才是registration number,挂在车的前后。但一般讲license plate number人们也懂。
conspiracy -- 阴谋干坏事
at the scene -- 当场
firefighter -- 消防队员
Hell no -- 见鬼去! 就是不! 姥姥! QTMD! NND!