凯波尔与公共神学

改革宗神学博客。分享神学研究心得,结交志同道合朋友。座右铭:仁教,心学,法治,德政。
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凯波尔与公共神学
--选自王志勇《基督教圣约世界观神学原理传习录·默想篇》



公共神学是基督教神学真正的挑战和考验。可以说,对公共神学毫不关注、毫无建树的神学家,不是真正意义上的基督教神学家,只能是闭门造车、闭关自守的异教型隐者。与社会和时代没有相关性的神学,就是不解果子的无花果树。

在基督教历史上,奥古斯丁、阿奎那、加尔文和凯波尔这四个人是这种综合性世界观式的神学家的集中代表。他们不仅精通圣经启示、教会传统和社会思潮,并且把基督教真理对社会的深刻教训挖掘出来,使得教会真正成为世上的光和盐。

凯波尔的公共神学首先强调的是上帝的主权,并把上帝至高无上的主权的外展细分到家庭、教会、国家等各个领域的治理性的主权。雅哈博神学继承凯波尔所主张的这种区域主权论,并与基督徒个人层面先知、祭司与君王三大职分和国家层面立法、司法、执法三权分立结合在一切,使得基督教公共神学成为相对独立的体系。在凯波尔神学体系内,强调普遍恩典和普遍启示,使得基督徒和非基督徒可以在公共生活领域中在语言和思想方面有功能性的相通;同时,对特殊恩典和特殊启示的强调,也使得基督徒深深明白基督教世界观与非基督教世界观在终极层面的根本性对立。在强调普遍恩典和普遍启示的时候,自然蕴含了圣灵在受造界中普遍性的工作。圣灵这种非救赎性的工作激发并保守了生命的成长和延续,限制了罪恶的蔓延和爆发,使得世界历史按照上帝的预旨走向最终的成全。

圣灵这种普遍性的工作乃是普遍恩典和普遍启示中动力性的因素,而耶稣基督的救赎则是圣灵藉着普遍恩典和启示作工的永恒性和历史性根基。 [1]



[1] See Vincent Edward Bacote, The Role of the Holy Spirit in Creation and History with Special Reference to Abraham Kuyper (Madison: Drew University, 2002).

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