1.同形同音歧义 When shot at, the dove doves into the bushes. (被枪弹射击的鸽子躲进树丛里。) 第一个dove是名词,第二个dove是动词。
The insurance was invalid for the invalid. (这份保险对残废人无效) 句中连个invalid都是形容词,可是第二个形容词前加定冠词,变成特指某一类人的集合名词。
There was a row among the oarsmen on how to row. (划艇手们为如何划艇吵了起来) 第一个row是名词,第二个row是动词。
They were too close to the door to close it. (他们太靠近门边而关不上门。) 第一个close是形容词,第二个close是动词。
A seamstress and a sewer fell down into a sewer line. (一名女裁缝和一名缝纫工掉进下水管道。) 两个sewer都是名词,但意思不同。
2.同形异音歧义. 第一种情形是:词形完全相同而发音完全不同: The bandage was wound around the wound. (绷带缠绕着伤口.) 第一个wound是动词wind的过去分词,第二个wound是名词。它们的发音完全不同。
类似的例子如: The wind was too strong to wind the sail. Upon seeing the tear in the painting I shed a tear.
另一种情形是:发音相同而重音不同: The farm was used to produce produce. (这个农场被用来种植蔬果。) 第一个produce是动词,重音在第二音节上。第二个produce是名词,重音在第一个音节上。 类似的例子有: The dump was so full it had to refuse more refuse.
We must polish the Polish furniture.
I had to subject the subject to a series of tests.
I did not object to the object.
下面的例句有点特殊: After a number of injections my jaw got number. (经过数次注射后,我的下巴更麻木了。) 第一个number是名词。第二个number原来是numb的比较级。因为原形numb里的b是静音,变成比较级后的尾音与名词的number不同,是-mer而不是-ber。
3.异形同音歧义 这种情形比较少见: The soldier decided to desert his dessert in the desert. (这位士兵决定把甜品遗弃在沙漠里。) 第一个desert和第三个desert是同形异音歧义。第二个Dessert与第一个desert是异形同音歧义。
Since there was no time like the present, he thought it was time to present the present. (既然现在是最佳时机,他觉得该是颁发礼物的时候了。) 第一个present与第三个present是同形同音歧义。它们与第二个present是同形异音歧义。