宗教自由與一夫多妻

西 风: 多伦多华人作家。
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宗教自由與一夫多妻

2009 年初,皇家騎警拘捕了卑詩省東南部邦廷富社區兩名宗教領袖,指控他們觸犯一夫多妻法例。其中一人娶了 20 多名妻子。

這是加拿大首宗一夫多妻被檢控的案件,由此帶來了爭議,被拘者之一布萊克莫爾 (Winston Blackmore) 辯護說:「皇家騎警對他的指控,是侵犯了宗教自由的原則,是對宗教信仰者的迫害,而我信仰的摩門教派一貫實行一夫多妻。」

筆者以為布萊克莫爾提出的辯護屬於詭辯,根據加拿大「人權自由憲章」的規定:人們擁有宗教信仰、思想信念、意見表達、集會、結社,出版等多項自由。但自由不是絕對的,它要以不影響他人的權利為限。布萊克莫爾信仰甚麼樣宗教和有甚麼樣的思想,都是沒有問題。因為信仰和思想都不會干涉到別人的權利。但一旦對思想和信仰付諸行動的時候,就一定會和社會、人群發生關係,這時候不影響他人是不存在的。

為了界定如何才算侵害了他人的權利,在人權憲章的基礎上,製定了詳細的法律條款,界定何樣行為屬於侵犯了他人的權利,也就是指犯了罪。刑事法第 293 條明顯規定一夫多妻及一妻多夫為犯罪,然則布萊克莫爾必然逃脫不掉法律的問責。假若用宗教信仰來作抗辯,則布萊克莫爾娶 15 歲未成年少女也定然不構成犯罪,而法律上保護婦女和兒童的權利不就成了謊言?

文: 西风

详见西风-多伦多博客 http://www.anpopo.com/?xifeng


本文刊登在现代日报时事论政专栏

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