是一组有八项的血液化学检查。包括四项电解质:钠、钾、氯、碳酸氢盐;两项反应肾功能的血尿素氮+肌酐,加上血糖和钙。
test | Reference range | Reference Range | To Convert US to SI Unit |
Sodium (Na+) | 135--145 mEq/L | 135--145 mmol/L | x 1 |
Potassium (K+) | 3.5--5.0 mEq/L | 3.5--5.0 mmol/L | x 1 |
Chloride ( Cl-) | 97--109 mEq/L | 97--109 mmol/L | x 1 |
Bicarbonate (HCO3−) or CO2 | HCO3- 22--26 mEq/L; | HCO3- 22--26 mmol/L; | x1; |
Blood Urea Nitrogen ( BUN) | 6--22 mg/dL | increased in acute glomerulonephritis,obstructive uropathy,mercury poisoning,nephrotic syndrome | decreased in severe hepatic failure,pregnancy |
Creatinine | 0.7--1.4 mg/dL | 62--124 µmol/L | x 88.5 |
Glucose | fasting: 70--110mg/dL; Postprandial(2 hours):65--140mg/dL. | 3.85--6.05 mmol/L; | x 0.055 |
Calcium ( Ca2+) | 8.5--10.5 mg/dL | 2.12--2.62 mmol/L | x 0.25 |
2.Complete Blood Count (CBC)(全血细胞计数):
test | 中文 | Reference range | Reference Range |
WBC (White blood cell count/Leukocyte count) | 白细胞数 | 4,500--11,000/cu mm | 4.5--11x109/L |
Neutrophils (WBC differential count) | 嗜中性粒细胞 | 45%--73% | Number fraction: |
Eosinophils (WBC differential count) | 嗜酸性粒细胞 | 0%--4% | Number fraction: |
Basophils (WBC differential count) | 嗜碱性粒细胞 | 0%--1% | Number fraction: |
Lymphocytes (WBC differential count) | 淋巴细胞 | 20%--40% | Number fraction: |
Monocytes (WBC differential count) | 单核细胞 | 2%--8% | Number fraction: |
RBC (Red blood cell count/Erythrocyte count) | 红细胞数 | Males: 4.3--6.2x106/cu mm; Females: 3.8--5.5x106/cu mm | Males: 4.3--6.2x1012/L; |
Hemoglobin | 血红蛋白或血色素 | Males:13--18 gm/dL; | Males: 2.02--2.79 mmol/L; Females:1.86--2.48 mmol/L. |
Hematocrit | 红细胞比容 / 比积 | Males:42%--52%; | Volume fraction:0.42--0.52; Volume fraction: 0.35--0.47. |
MCV (Mean corpuscular volume) | />平均红细胞容积 | />84--96 cu mm | />84--96 fL | />
MCH (Mean corpuscular hemoglobin) | />平均血红蛋白量 | />28--33 pg/cell | />28--33 pg/cell | />
MCHC (Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) | />平均血红蛋白浓度 | />33%--35% | />concentration fraction: | />
Platelet count (thrombocyte count) | />血小板 | />150,000--450,000/cu mm | />0.15--0.45x1012/L | />
MPV (Mean platelet volume) | />血小板平均体积 | />2.65 to 2.9 µm | />9.7–12.8 fL | />
3.Arterial Blood Gas(ABG)(动脉血气分析):
test | 中文 | Reference range | Reference/>Range |
pH | pH值 | 7.35–7.45 | 7.35–7.45 |
H+ | 氢离子 | 35–45 nmol/L(nM) | 35–45 nmol/L(nM) |
PaO2 | 血氧 | 80–100 mmHg | 9.3–13.3 kPa |
PaCO2 | 二氧化碳 | 35–45 mmHg | 4.7–6.0 kPa |
HCO3− | 碳酸氢盐 | 22–26 mEq/L | 22--26 mmol/L |
O2 sat | 血氧饱和度 | 95 - 99% | 95 - 99% |
4. Liver Function Tests(肝功能检查):
Standard Liver Panel (标准肝功能检查):
test | 中文 | Reference range | Reference Range |
Albumin (Alb) | 白蛋白 | 3.5--5.0 g/dL | 35--50 g/L |
Alanine transaminase (ALT) or (SGPT) | 谷丙转氨酶/谷氨酸转氨酶 | 9--60 U/L | 9--60 U/L |
Aspartate transaminase (AST) or(SGOT) | 天冬氨酸氨基转移酶 | 10--40 U/L | 10--40 U/L |
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | 碱性磷酸酶 | 30--120 U/L | 30--120 U/L |
Total bilirubin (TBIL) | 总胆红素 | 0.1--1.2 mg/dL | 1.7--20.4 µmol/L |
Direct bilirubin | 直接胆红素 | 0--0.3 mg/dL | 0--5.1 µmol/L |
Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) | γ-谷氨酰转肽酶 | 0--51 U/L | 0--51 U/L |
5. Protein Tests(蛋白质检查):
test | 中文 | Reference range | Reference Range |
Human serum albumin | 人血白蛋白 | 3.5--5.0 g/dL | 35--50 g/L |
Serum total protein | 血清总蛋白 | 6.5--8.5 g/dL | 65--85 g/L |
6. Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)(综合代谢检查):
是一组有十四项的常规血液化学检查。BMP(八项)+ Protein Tests(Human serum albumin,Serum total protein)+ Liver Function Tests(ALP,ALT,AST,Bilirubin)。目的是检查肝肾功能、电解质和体液平衡。具体请看1. BMP, 4. Liver Function Tests 和 5. ProteinTests 表里相关的值,这里不再列表赘述。
7. Iron Tests(检查血中的铁):
是测定血中铁的含量、血液运输铁的能力和铁的儲存量。用于各型贫血的鉴别诊断(如:缺铁性贫血、再生障碍性贫血、铁粒幼红细胞贫血和慢性溶血性贫血等)。需空腹12小时抽静脉血检查。
test | 中文 | Reference range | Reference Range |
Serum iron | 血清铁(血液内游离的铁离子) | Male: 65-177 μg/dL; | Male: 11.6-31.7 µmol/L; Female: 9.0-30.4 μmol/L |
TIBC(Total iron-binding capacity) | 血清总铁结合力/血清运铁容量 | 240--450 µg/dL | 43.0--80.6 µmol/L |
UIBC(Unsaturated iron-binding capacity) | 未饱和铁结合力 | The UIBC is calculated by subtracting the serum iron from the TIBC. | UIBC= TIBC- Serum iron |
Transferrin saturation (= Serum iron/ TIBC) | 运铁蛋白饱和度 | Male: 20-50%; Female: 15-50% | |
Serum Ferritin | 血清铁蛋白(血液内结合状态的铁,检查体内铁缺乏的最灵敏的指标) | Males: 20--250 ng/mL; Females: 12--250 ng/mL | Males: 20--250 µg/L; Females: 12--250 µg/L |
8. Lipid profile(Lipid panel)(血脂检查) :
高血脂增加心血管疾病的风险。需空腹12小时抽静脉血检查。
test | 中文 | Reference range | Reference Range |
Total cholesterol | 总胆固醇 | recommended moderate risk 200--239 mg/dL; high risk >240 mg/dL. | 5.2--6.2 mmol/L; >6.24 mmol/L |
High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (good cholesterol ) | 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (好胆固醇) | major risk factor negative risk factor >59 mg/dL | x 0.026=mmol/L |
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (bad cholesterol ) | 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (坏胆固醇) | recommended moderate risk 130--159 mg/dL; high risk >159 mg/dL. | x 0.026=mmol/L |
Triglycerides | 三酸甘油酯/甘油三酯 | recommended 30--149 mg/dL ( | x 0.011=mmol/L |
9.Thyroid function test(甲状腺功能检查):
test | 中文 | Reference range | Reference Range in SI Units | Interpretation |
TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)/Serum thyrotropin | 甲状腺刺激激素/促甲状腺素 | 0.4--6 mIU/L 0.3 to 3.0 mIU/L(as of 2003 ) | 0.4--6 mIU/L | 低) ---possible hyperthyroidism(甲亢) ; >6(高) ---hypothyroidism(甲减). Note: the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists has revised these guidelines as of early 2003, narrowing the range to 0.3 to 3.0. |
T3 / Serum triiodothyronine | 血清三碘甲状腺素 | 80 to 220 ng/dL | 1.23--3.39 nmol/L | 低)---hypothyroidism(甲减); >220(高)---Pregnancy,hyperthyroidism(甲亢) |
Total T4 / Serum thyroxine | 血清甲状腺素 | 4.5--12.5 µg/dL | 58.5--162.5 nmol/L | >12.5(高)---hyperthyroidism(甲亢). Low T4 with low TSH can sometimes indicate a pituitary problem. |
Free T4 / Free Thyroxine | 游离甲状腺 | 0.7 to 2.0 ng/dL | 9.0--25.8 pmol/L | 甲减) |
10.Clotting factor(凝血因子):
test | 中文 | Reference range | Clinical significance |
Prothrombin time | 凝血酶原时间 | 12–15 seconds | Prolonged by deficiency of factors I,II,V,VII, and X, fat malabsorption, severe liver disease, coumadin anticoagulant therapy. |
INR (international normalized ratio ) | 国际标准化比值 | 1.0 2--3 for therapy in atrial fibrilation,deep vein thrombosis,and pulmonary embolism; 2.5--3.5 for therapy in prosthetic heart valves | INR used to standardize the prothrombin time and anticoagulation therapy. |
Partial thromboplastin time (activated) | 活化部分凝血激酶时间 | 25--30 seconds | Prolonged in deficiency of fibrinogen,factors II,V,VIII, IX,X,XI, and XII,and in heparin therapy. |
Thrombin time | 凝血酶时间 | 10--15 seconds | Prolonged by heparin, fibrin degradation products, lupus anticoagulant. |
11.Cardiac marker(心脏病指标) :
虽然仍有医院、有医生在做CPK-MB test,但这里只介绍一个目前被认为是检测急性心肌梗塞(Acute Myocardial Infarction)最灵敏的检测法---Troponin test (Troponin I (肌钙蛋白I) onset: 4-6 hrs, peak: 12-24 hrs, return to normal: 4-7 days).
Troponin I Reference Range | Interpretation (判读) |
0.00--0.09 | Normal |
0.10--0.60 | Possible indication of myocardial damage, unstable angina, congestive heart failure, myocarditis, cardiac surgery or invasive testing. Clinical correlation is required. |
>0.60 | May indicate significant myocardial injury. Clinical correlation is required. |
12.Cancer marker(癌症指标):
test | 中文 | Reference range | Clinical significance |
AFP (Alpha fetoprotein) | 甲胎蛋白 | Often elevated in liver cancers (hepatocellular) and testicular cancers (non-seminomatous). Raised levels are also present during pregnancy or some gastrointestinal cancers. | |
CA 15-3 | CA 15-3 | Increased in metastatic breast. Raised levels are also present in other non-malignant conditions (eg. cirrhosis, benign diseases of ovaries & breast). | |
CA 19-19 | CA 19-19 | Increased in pancreatic,hepatobiliary,gastric,and colorectal cancer,gallstones .Its level is best evaluated along with CEA marker test. | |
CA125 | CA125 | Increased in colon, upper gastrointestinal(GI),ovarian, and other gynecologic cancers; during menstruation,pregnancy or individuals with ovarian cysts,pericarditis,hepatitis,cirrhosis of the liver or peritonitis. | |
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) | 癌胚抗原 | 0-2.5 µg/L(nonsmoker); 0-5 µg/L(smoker) | CEA was first identified in colon cancer. Elevated CEA levels are found in a variety of cancers other than colonic, including pancreatic, gastric, lung, and breast. It is also detected in benign conditions including cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic lung disease, and pancreatitis. |
PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) | 前列腺特异性抗原 | 0-4 ng/ml | PSA is prostate-specific, not cancer-specific. A variety of conditions can raise PSA levels: prostatitis (prostate inflammation), benign prostatic hypertrophy (prostate enlargement), and prostate cancer. |
*本系列专为新移民而写。都是网友发QQH到我的信箱里常问的问题。因悄悄话的版面有限,把答复的内容写在自己的博客里,并公开贴在健康养生坛。到目前为止已完成六篇。感谢网友、健康坛版主和亲爱的网管大人的热心支持(只写了一部分时就被贴出),这是最后的完整版,介绍常见的12项检查内容。它是最费时费力的一篇---要制表,要核对数据和单位。无高深的医学知识,只是把它们归类整理出来,供参考之用。但请参照自己的检验报告里的正常范围,因为各实验室的检验方法和仪器会有误差,而且需要医生结合你的情况来判读你的检验结果。千万不要只看到自己的某一项指标偏高或偏低就心慌了---单方面一个指标的不正常有时是没有临床意义的。请咨询你的医生,由医生来下结论。
谢谢大家,特别是给我留QQH的网友的信任。下一篇的题目是:各种疼痛的英文表达(5th vital sign---pain)(也是一网友要求的。但最近较忙,尽量一星期后完成。)*