老子与孔子的临别赠言

 

公元前538年的一天,孔子对弟子南宫敬叔说:"周之守藏室史老聃,博古通今,知礼乐之源,明道德之要。今吾欲去周求教,汝愿同去否?"南宫敬叔欣然同意,随即报请鲁君。鲁君准行。遣一车二马一童一御,由南宫敬叔陪孔子前往。老子见孔子,千里迢迢而来,非常高兴,教授之后,又引孔子访大夫苌弘。苌弘善乐,授孔丘乐律、乐理;引孔丘观祭神之典,考宣教之地,察庙会礼仪,使孔丘感叹不已,获益不浅。逗留数日。孔子向老子辞行。老子送至馆舍之外,赠言道:"吾闻之,富贵者送人以财,仁义者送人以言。吾不富不贵,无财以送汝;愿以数言相送。当今之世,聪明而深察者,其所以遇难而几至於死,在於好讥人之非也;善辩而通达者,其所以招祸而屡至於身,在於好扬人之恶也。为人之子,勿以己为高;为人之臣,勿以己为上,望汝切记。"孔子顿首道:"弟子一定谨记在心!"

行至黄河之滨,见河水滔滔,浊浪翻滚,其势如万马奔腾,其声如虎吼雷鸣。孔子伫立岸边,不觉叹曰:"逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜!黄河之水奔腾不息,人之年华流逝不止,河水不知何处去,人生不知何处归?"闻孔子此语,老子道:"人生天地之间,乃与天地一体也。天地,自然之物也;人生,亦自然之物;人有幼、少、壮、老之变化,犹如天地有春、夏、秋、冬之交替,有何悲乎?生於自然,死於自然,任其自然,则本性不乱;不任自然,奔忙於仁义之间,则本性羁绊。功名存於心,则焦虑之情生;利欲留於心,则烦恼之情增。"

孔子解释道:"吾乃忧大道不行,仁义不施,战乱不止,国乱不治也,故有人生短暂,不能有功于世、不能有为于民之感叹矣 "

老子道:"天地无人推而自行,日月无人燃而自明,星辰无人列而自序,禽兽无人造而自生,此乃自然为之也,何劳人为乎?人之所以生、所以无、所以荣、所以辱,皆有自然之理、自然之道也。顺自然之理而趋,遵自然之道而行,国则自治,人则自正,何须津津于礼乐而倡仁义哉?津津于礼乐而倡仁义,则违人之本性远矣!犹如人击鼓寻求逃跑之人,击之愈响,则人逃跑得愈远矣!"

稍停片刻,老子手指浩浩黄河,对孔子说:"汝何不学水之大德欤?"孔丘曰:"水有何德?"老子说:"上善若水:水善利万物而不争,处众人之所恶,此乃谦下之德也;故江海所以能为百谷王者,以其善下之,则能为百谷王。天下莫柔弱於水,而攻坚强者莫之能胜,此乃柔德也;故柔之胜刚,弱之胜强坚。因其无有,故能入于无间,由此可知不言之教、无为之益也。"

孔子闻言,恍然大悟道:"先生此言,使我顿开茅塞也:众人处上,水独处下;众人处易,水独处险;众人处洁,水独处秽。所处尽人之所恶,夫谁与之争乎?此所以为上善也。"

老子点头说:"汝可教也!汝可切记:与世无争,则天下无人能与之争,此乃效法水德也。水几於道:道无所不在,水无所不利,避高趋下,未尝有所逆,善处地也;空处湛静,深不可测。善为渊也;损而不竭,施不求报,善为仁也;圜必旋,方必折,塞必止,决必流,善守信也;洗涤群秽,平准高下,善治物也;以载则浮,以鉴则清,以攻则坚强莫能敌,善用能也;不舍昼夜,盈科后进,善待时也。故圣者随时而行,贤者应事而变;智者无为而治,达者顺天而生。汝此去后,应去骄气于言表,除志欲于容貌。否则,人未至而声已闻,体未至而风已动,张张扬扬,如虎行于大街,谁敢用你?"

孔子道:"先生之言,出自肺腑而入弟子之心脾,弟子受益匪浅,终生难忘。弟子将遵奉不怠,以谢先生之恩。"说完,告别老子,与南宫敬叔上车,依依不舍地向鲁国驶去。

回到鲁国,众弟子问道:"先生拜访老子,可得见乎?"孔子道:"见之!"弟子问。"老子何样?"孔子道:"鸟,我知它能飞;鱼,吾知它能游;兽,我知它能走。走者可用网缚之,游者可用钩钓之,飞者可用箭取之,至于龙,吾不知其何以?龙乘风云而上九天也!吾所见老子也,其犹龙乎?学识渊深而莫测,志趣高邈而难知;如蛇之随时屈伸,如龙之应时变化。老聃,真吾师也!"

愿和诸位朋友们一起从圣贤的话语中得智慧, 笑悟人生。 愿各位爱情常青, 家庭幸福, 事业昌盛, 青春常驻。



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