导读新闻,分享一点核电知识

走着,听着,瞧着,心里有时念叨着。歇歇脚儿时就在这儿爬拉两下留着。
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看到有一个美国主要媒体有错误引用,和大家分享一点我略知的一二,也许有助于大家知道记者们在说些什么。

核电站按水及蒸汽循环的设计主要有两种, 压水堆(PWR)和沸水堆(BWR)。NRC的科普网页有很直观的图示,下面是链接,有兴趣的可以去细看。

NRC:Two Types of Reactors,PWR and BWR

压水堆把和核燃料接触的水与产生蒸气推动汽轮机的水分成两个回路。与核燃料接触的水回路包围在反应堆安全壳里(常见的核电站照片中的圆顶建筑)。

沸水堆把水在反应堆里直接烧开,用产生的蒸气推动发电的汽轮机。


核安全的屏障主要有三道:
1. 包围核燃料的燃料棒金属壳。这是和锅炉里的水接触的,核泄露也源于此。
2. 通水和蒸汽的金属管道壳。
3. 水管和蒸气管所走过的建筑物墙,一般在外墙的内壁有一层密封的钢板层。

综合以上大家可以看到,PWR 比 BWR 设计上更安全些。

从wikipedia不权威的信息看到,日本福岛核电站所有的反应堆都是BWR:

Wikipedia:Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant

中国的核电采用的是PWR设计。

--过客,2011.3.13

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