氏族时期的西藏

记起的是缘,忘却的也是缘,缘起缘灭,皆是缘!
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和世界上其他的民族形成過程相同,西藏的古代居民最初也是以血緣親屬關系組成各個血緣氏族,由血緣氏族組成血緣部落,並且經過漫長的母系氏族社會演變到父系氏族社會。《漢藏史集》說藏族先民最初分為塞(se)、穆(rmu)、東(stong)、董(ldong)四大族系,由此四大族系繁衍出大部分的吐蕃人。又說由四大族系分為查(dbra)、祝(vgru)、董(ldong)、噶(lga)、韋(dbas)、達(brdav)等六支,每一支又分為十幾個支系。藏語稱姓氏為rus-pa,本意是“骨頭”,亦譯“骨系”,就表明姓氏和血緣有密切的關系。古代部落隨著生產的發展和人口的增加,氏族的遷徙,由一個部落分化為若幹部落,或者由於部落之間的通婚、結盟、戰爭征服等原因,幾個部落合並為一個新的部落。為在頻繁的爭奪水源、牧場、田地和屬民的部落戰爭中存在和發展,一些部落由臨時的同盟發展為固定的聯盟,或者被征服的部落附屬於戰勝的部落,形成部落聯盟。同時在部落中出現了貧富的分化和等級的差別,一些部落的首領變成了部落的貴族,並把自己的財富和權力遺傳給自己的子孫,出現了“王”和“臣”、貴族和平民的區別。戰爭中的俘虜被當作奴隸使用,被征服的氏族部落成為戰勝者的附屬,要向戰勝者交納差稅,在戰爭中提供兵員。部落聯盟處在不斷的分化和組合的過程中,一些部落聯盟衰敗了,一些新的部落聯盟又起而代之。

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