美国在伊拉克的33年历程图解

1980年伊朗革命开始，伊朗不再是美国在中东的盟国，
The year was 1980. America had just lost a key Middle Eastern ally in the Iranian Revolution.

美国开始考虑伊拉克作为波斯湾的新盟友，
US officials and media began publicly to consider Iraq as a new top ally in the Persian Gulf.

同时伊朗开始在伊拉克鼓动Shia穆斯林夺权，两伊关系开始紧张，
Meanwhile Iranian calls for a Shia-coup in Iraq led to rising tensions and border skirmishes.

在伊朗动乱并失去国际支持后，伊拉克的侯赛因挑起了战争
With Iran weakened and growing international support, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein invaded his hated neighbor.

尽管广泛报道伊拉克使用化学武器，美国总统里根对此视而不见，并且把侯赛因从恐怖组织除名，
Despite widespread reports of Iraqi chemical weapons use, Reagan pulled Iraqi President Saddam Hussein off the list of known terrorists in 1982.

美国公开支持伊拉克，给予大量贷款，用于军事装备，化学技术改造和训练，伊朗部队动态的卫星观测数据等
The U.S. began openly to support Iraq, through massive loans, military equipment, dual use chemical technology and training, and satellite intelligence on Iranian troop movements.

美国认为伊拉克的化学武器对美国没有威胁，只担心伊朗革命会影响到其他中东国家，
Iraq's use of chemical weapons

到了1986年已经清楚，两伊战争谁也无法战胜另一方，尽管双方都花费巨大，
Nevertheless it became clear by 1986 that the two countries were stuck in a costly stalemate.

到了1988年底，伊拉克欠了美国，沙特，俄国和科威特至少$60 billian（六百亿）
By the end of the war in 1988, Iraq owed at least $60 billion to Britain, America, Saudi Arabia, Russia, and Kuwait.

1989年，老布什签署26号安全条款，表明对伊拉克稳定以及波斯湾石油是美国国家安全利益，
In 1989, President George H.W. Bush signed National Security Directive 26 calling both Persian Gulf oil and a

但是美国盟国伊拉克并不领情，1990年因为巨大的债务入侵科威特，声称对方偷了他们的油，
America's ally, however, could not be controlled. In 1990, with reconstruction costs rising, Saddam invaded Kuwait, citing billions in stolen oil.

老布什指出这是不能容忍的，同时发起军事行动把伊拉克赶出科威特，

被称为“波斯湾战争”，十年前的两伊战争也是这个名字，
America dubbed it

美国把伊拉克赶出科威特，但是没有入侵巴格达，
U.S. troops successfully ousted Saddam from Kuwait, but pulled up short of invading Baghdad.

克林顿1992上台后，1994年开始对伊拉克制裁，导致每个月都有5000名伊拉克儿童死亡，
Bill Clinton took office in 1992 and in '94 extended crippling economic sanctions on Iraq, which led to death by starvation of up to 5,000 Iraqi children each month.

1995年，联合国通过决议，让伊拉克在国际市场用“粮食换石油”，
In 1995, the U.N. introduced the

两位联合国官员，Hans Von Spok，Denis Halliday因为不满这项决议而辞职
Two consecutive U.N. peace envoys, Hans Von Spok and Denis Halliday, resigned over the effect sanctions had on citizens.

1998年布什说“我们已经被迫占领巴格达而事实上统治伊拉克，该联盟将瞬间崩溃...如果我们去入侵，可以想见，将是一个敌对土地上的强力占领国。”
In 1998, Bush wrote about not taking Baghdad: We would have been forced to occupy Baghdad and, in effect, rule Iraq. The coalition would instantly have collapsed ... Had we gone the invasion route, the U.S. could conceivably still be an occupying power in a bitterly hostile land.

2001年的911事件后，Rumsfeld, Dick Cheney and Paul Wolfowitz找到了其中的“伊拉克联系”，
After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, Rumsfeld, Dick Cheney and Paul Wolfowitz committed to finding the

2003年，美国及盟军开始入侵伊拉克，
On March 2003, America and its

三个月以后，布什宣布：使命完成了
Three weeks later, George Bush claimed

伊拉克“总督”Paul Bremer要求免去伊拉克的600亿美元的伊拉克国民债务，他还要求免去伊拉克总数为1000亿美元的其他债务，，
Iraq

2004年七月24日，侯赛因从一个“蜘蛛洞”里被抓捕，30个月后被处死，
On July 24, 2004 the US Army Special Forces pulled Saddam out of a

但是抵抗没有停止，2006年达到高峰，平均每天100起爆炸事件。到了2007年中旬，称自己为伊拉克儿子的逊尼派穆斯林已经形成战斗的主要方
But fighting was far from over. 2006 brought the height of the Iraqi insurgency, with 100 explosive devices detonated per day. By mid-2007, however, Sunni milities calling themselves the Sons of Iraq had turned the tide of the war.

在2001年奥巴马无法和伊拉克达成军队留在那里的协议后，美国事实上被踢出了伊拉克，
When In 2011 Barack Obama failed to get a status of forces agreement passed, America was effectively kicked out Iraq.

大约8年的战争造成190000直接死亡，包括4500美国士兵，
Roughly 8 years of war had caused 190,000 direct war deaths, including more than 4,500 American service members.

总起来战争造成美国$2.2 trillion（万亿）的损失，合成6万亿损失如果包括将来的利息等费用，
In total, this war cost America $2.2 trillion, and possibly $6 trillion in future interest payments.

在入侵十年后的纪念日，汽车炸弹炸死了25人，教派暴力仍然是一个重大的问题，
Two years later, on the day of the tenth anniversary, a car bomb killed 25. Sectarian violence is still a major issue.

不过有些美国人公司受益匪浅，Exxon得到了伊拉克在Qurna的最大油田，同时Halliburton和其他美国公司占据了价值1500亿美元的主要合同。。。，
But some Americans are doing well in Iraq. Exxon nailed down one of Iraq's largest oil fields in Qurna, while Halliburton and other U.S. companies dominated development subcontracts valued at $150 billion.

以上数据来自于：http://www.businessinsider.com/timeline-of-americas-33-year-love-affair-with-saddam-and-iraq-2013-3

美国在伊拉克的33年历程图解

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