n 1876, former California Governor Leland Stanford purchased 650 acres of Rancho San Francisquito for a country home and began the development of his famous Palo Alto Stock Farm. He later bought adjoining properties totaling more than 8,000 acres. The little town that was beginning to emerge near the land took the name Palo Alto (tall tree) after a giant California redwood on the bank of San Francisquito Creek. The tree itself is still there and would later become the university's symbol and centerpiece of its official seal.
The Stanford Family
Leland Stanford, who grew up and studied law in New York, moved West after the gold rush and, like many of his wealthy contemporaries, made his fortune in the railroads. He was a leader of the Republican Party, governor of California and later a U.S. senator. He and Jane had one son, who died of typhoid fever in 1884 when the family was traveling in Italy. Leland Jr. was just 15. Within weeks of his death, the Stanfords decided that, because they no longer could do anything for their own child, "the children of California shall be our children." They quickly set about to find a lasting way to memorialize their beloved son.
The Stanfords considered several possibilities – a university, a technical school, a museum. While on the East Coast, they visited Harvard, MIT, Cornell and Johns Hopkins to seek advice on starting a new university in California. (See note regarding accounts of the Stanfords visit with Harvard President Charles W. Eliot.) Ultimately, they decided to establish two institutions in Leland Junior's name - the University and a museum. From the outset they made some untraditional choices: the university would be coeducational, in a time when most were all-male; non-denominational, when most were associated with a religious organization; and avowedly practical, producing "cultured and useful citizens."
On October 1, 1891, Stanford University opened its doors after six years of planning and building. The prediction of a New York newspaper that Stanford professors would "lecture in marble halls to empty benches" was quickly disproved. The first student body consisted of 555 men and women, and the original faculty of 15 was expanded to 49 for the second year. The university’s first president was David Starr Jordan, a graduate of Cornell, who left his post as president of Indiana University to join the adventure out West.
The Stanfords engaged Frederick Law Olmsted, the famed landscape architect who created New York’s Central Park, to design the physical plan for the university. The collaboration was contentious, but finally resulted in an organization of quadrangles on an east-west axis. Today, as Stanford continues to expand, the university’s architects attempt to respect those original university plans.
斯坦福大学的创办过程非常不顺利。斯坦福开课的两年后，老斯坦福与世长辞了，整个经营和管理大学的任务就落到了他的遗孀简•斯坦福的身上。当时整个美国经济情况不好，斯坦福夫妇的财产被冻结了。（我估计要么当时美国财产法关于信托财产方面不健全，要么斯坦福夫妇没有把他们的财产转到自己信托 Living Trust 下面。这种情况现在在美国不会发生）校长乔丹（Jordan）和学校其他顾问建议简•斯坦福关掉斯坦福大学，至少等危机过去再说。这时，简•斯坦福才想到她丈夫身前买了一笔人寿保险，她可以从中每年获得一万美元的年金。这一万美元大抵相当于她以前贵族式生活的开销。简•斯坦福立即开始省吃俭用，将她家里原来的十七个管家和仆人减少到三个，每年的开销减少到三百五十美元，相当于一个普通大学教授一家的生活费。她将剩余的近万元全部交给了校长乔丹用于维持学校的运转。从斯坦福夫人身上我们看到一位真正慈善家的美德。慈善不是在富有以后拿出自己的闲钱来沽名钓誉，更不是以此来为自己做软广告，慈善是在自己哪怕也很困难的时候都在帮助社会的一种善行。
