对长期投资的一些思考 - 九

在老巴买入华盛顿邮报后,华报的股价下跌了50%,并且徘徊了一二年。在老巴买入可口可乐后,股价下跌了20%,并且徘徊了好几个月。老巴入股BAC银行后,股价又掉了50%,入股GE, 也差不多。买入IBM,IBM掉了20-30%,买入Apple, 消息出来立马股价掉了10%。长期以来,凡是老巴买入的股票,都会有比较大的跌幅是一个市场惯例。

所以,如果老巴是通过“走后门”买到好价格,那么普通投资者不“走后门”,可以买到比老巴更好的价格。

大规模资金投资和普通个人投资者是有非常大的区别的,大规模资金是绝对没有可能买到最低价或次低价,也是绝对没有可能卖在最高价或次高价的。老巴:Size does matter.

老巴一生对自己的老师是极其尊重的,但是

Right from day one in the partnership, against his dad's and Graham's advice not to get into stocks, he displays independence and disregard for market views, even from people he respects. This is not the beginning of a career of a market timer.

Buffett started the partnership in 1956.  At the time, both Buffett's father and Benjamin Graham advised him not to get into the stock market as it is overvalued having reached a new post 1929-crash high.  The late 1950's was around the time that dividend yields went below bond yields for the first time since at least 1871.   Stocks were thought of as risky so dividend yields were always higher than bond yields, and when this flipped over, many thought that stocks were overvalued and that stock dividend yields will inevitably get back above bond yields again.  Never mind that they were right; it finally did so in the late 2000's (time for those folks that got out of stocks in 1957 to get back in!).

Warren Buffett 1998 Talk at University of Florida

“I don’t want to buy into any business that I’m not terribly sure of. So if I’m terribly sure of it, it probably isn’t going to offer incredible returns. Why should something that is essentially a cinch to do well offer you 40% a year or something like that? So we don’t have huge returns in mind. But we do have in mind never losing anything.”

如果我们分析一下老巴所投资的上市公司的长期表现,基本上没有任何超人之处,大部分都是在10-15%的年均回报范围,因为老巴从未想过要投资任何“高速增长”的公司。

有人说TD银行从11年开始的市场回报与SP500相比很普通,说明投资TD银行的投资者只是个Average Investor.

What's wrong with to become a millionaire by being a long term average investor?

我曾经读到一位美国人谈论他的母亲(单身母亲带二个孩子。),一位普通的基础财会员,在工作中发现大多数富人都有大量的股市投资(她从事报税单据整理工作。),所以她就开始去图书馆学习如何投资,并且从她极其紧张的家庭开支中努力节省出一部分钱来投资,最终她使自己的家庭摆脱了财务困境。

对于一个普通人或家庭,股市市场和股市投资知识是很有价值的。 

我们公司附近有一家咖啡店,那里的员工的薪水都是比最低工资略高一点,一个月大概2000-2500。这样的收入是基本上没有机会节省出个买房首付来的,但是他/她有机会参与股市投资,而且是从今天就可以开始。

如果他每个月安排500元投资TD或RBC银行,利用现有的银行金融杠杆,他就可以买入1500元的TD股票。保持每个月的等值投入,就可以得到一个长期均值价位,TD银行的股票大致是平均5年翻一倍(含红利复利投入,年均15%左右。),第一个月买入的股票,持有五年卖出一半,可以还清借贷和取回本金。在投入5年以后,已经开始降低金融杠杆取回本金,或者不需要取,光拿红利收入。这样他有机会在二十年以后拥有百万投资。

这里的风险是在他可以承受的范围之内,如果加国银行破产,整个加国经济都完蛋了,他咖啡店的工作也是保不住的,反正他一无所有,宣布个人破产,有多少债务都没区别。如果银行股的表现普通,他只是少挣些。如果20,30年以后,股价比今天还有低20-30%,20,30年以后的钱能和今天的钱比吗?20-30%的损失,能造成多大的损失。

对于一个在咖啡店打工的普通人,也是可以有能力理解这样一个投资原理的,如果他愿意或有机会学习。

这是一Average Person可以在股市中得到的一个Average Investor的投资机会。

 

 

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