摘录:暂停禁穆令原告方的法律依据

原文见:http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Jh4jw2E51Y62Xg40i-gUdw

 

华盛顿州和明尼苏达州两个司法部长声称禁穆令违反了下述10条法律:

 
 

1. 美国宪法第五修正案:法律必须平等的保护所有人(Fifth Amendment, equal protection of the law);
 
2. 美国宪法第五修正案:禁止联邦政府以任何形式优待一种宗教(Fifth Amendment, establishment clause);
 
3. 美国宪法第五修正案:禁止联邦政府未经正当程序剥夺个人自由(Fifth Amendment, procedural due process);
 
4.移民和公民归化法:禁止联邦政府在发放移民签证时有种族、国家、出生地、居住地方面的歧视(The Immigration and Naturalization Act (“INA”), 8 U.S.C. §1152(a)(1)(A), prohibiting discrimination in the issuance of immigrant visas on the basis of race, nationality, place of birth, or place of residence);
 
5. 移民和归化法,规定所有到达美国港口、机场的非公民有权申请避难,而且暂时不被递解出境的权利 (INA § 1158 and 1231(b)(3): non-citizens arriving at the States’ ports of entry to apply for asylum and withholding of removal);
 
6. 联合国反酷刑国际公约(美国已经签约并承认 生效,现在是美国法律的一条 8 U.S.C. §1231):如果有相当的理由相信,当事人有可能在其祖国遭受酷刑,美国政府不可以在不情愿的情况下遣返任何当事人回到其祖国 (United Nations Convention Against Torture).
 
7. 恢复宗教自由法: 禁止联邦政府实质性的给宗教行为造成负担 (The Religious Freedom Restoration Act, 42 U.S.C. § 200bb-1(a), prohibits the federal government from substantially burdening the exercise of religion, even if the burden results from a rule of general applicability. )
 
8. 行政程序法,要求联邦政府机构必须通过固定的程序方可颁布和实施影响个人实际权利的法规(包括一定的公示期、允许社会各界提修改意见等等)。(The APA, 5 U.S.C. §§ 553 and 706(2)(D) requires that federal agencies conduct formal rule making before engaging in action that impacts substantive rights);
 
9. 同样,美国行政程序法禁止联邦政府机构采取任何随心所欲、违宪和违背法律的行为 (The APA, 5 U.S.C. §706(2) prohibits federal agency action that is arbitrary, unconstitutional and contrary to statute);
 
10. 美国宪法第十修正案:除明确归属与联邦政府的部分权力以外,所有权力属于州政府。联邦政府无权迫使州政府执行联邦法律 (Tenth Amendment, which reserves all powers not enumerated in the Constitution to the states, and prohibits the federal government from commandeering state legislative process.  Prohibits federal government from compelling state governments to enact and enforce federal law).

 
 
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