种菜须知

农学博士,菜园种植技术交流。
rheinbauer@gmail.com
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几多华人沦落德国,犹如佛教圣地的出家人,日子过得寂寥清静,特别愧对的是自身那枚中国胃。因为在这个山青水秀的国度里不提山珍海味,就连蔬菜也吃不到几种。在超市一年四季可以购买到的蔬菜也就那么不变的几种,大都来自荷兰的无土工业化栽培,一部分来自西班牙,意大利等国,口感差,价格贵,越吃越烦。如果你拥有一处住房宅基,开出十几平米土地种植一些家乡的蔬菜,诸如:韭菜,香菜,黄瓜,辣椒,西红柿,水萝卜,冬瓜,苦瓜,豆角,既新鲜又摘取方便,岂不美哉?!

当然,管理一个小菜园也需要一定的技术,特别是对那些只吃过蔬菜而从来不知道菜是如何种植的,自我认为西红柿和黄瓜以及辣椒都与苹果一样都长在树上的同胞们不掌握一定的植物种植基础知识是不行的。
中国的蔬菜从南到北近百种,北方的蔬菜种类一般都可以在德国种植,南方的很多蔬菜在德国种植起来比较困难。种好蔬菜的首要条件是土壤,如果菜地土质不佳,需要根据具体情况进行改良。粘土需要掺沙,生土需要施肥熟化,沙石地有必要换土。总之,种菜的土壤要有至少三十厘米深的熟土。德国气候的基本情况是雨水多,光照短,气温低,要种好菜,必须有非常肥沃的土壤,才能促进蔬菜的生长速度。所以种植蔬菜一定要施入足够的有机底肥,在一定的生长季节追加化肥,才可以得到可喜的收获。

由于本地的气候情况,有些生长期长的蔬菜需要提前室内育苗。这样可以给植物争取一个月的生长时间,提早收获期,提高产量,保证蔬菜果实成熟。室内育苗是一件很麻烦费时的事情,所以,尽量要采取直播方法。由于本人学的是农学专业,掌握一定的植物种植, 动物养殖知识, 特别是多年在德国生活积累了一些 种菜经验,常有熟人垂询种菜技术,故开此博客一并向大家介绍本地菜园种植管理经验及一些农学基础知识,希望农学专业的专家积极参与,共同开辟同胞们在德国种好蔬菜的美好前景。



 
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