练琴指南
原文链接：https://mariespianostudio.com/2020/05/27/guide-to-practicing-your-lesson/
Kevin M Coan
练琴的质量决定了钢琴课成功与否。一周内六天你是自己的老师！家中的练琴远比上课重要。因此，你必须每天忠实地遵循这些练琴指南。
- 你的第一次练琴应该在课后立马进行。这样，你就会记住老师告诉你要做的事情。你越早练琴，老师的指导在你的脑海中就越清晰。
- 练琴时一定要打开作业本，以确保你练了老师布置的所有内容。
- 音乐是声音在节奏中律动。节奏是音乐中最重要的元素。永远先定一个你能在整首曲子保持的速度。然后练整首曲子时保持这个速度，除非速度标记有变。如果你弹的节奏不准确，即使其他都对，你的弹奏也毫无意义！
- 只有正确的练琴才有用。练琴的目标是每一首曲子能都节奏准确地弹奏，加上正确的音符、数拍、触键、力度和表情。当你还课时，弹奏每一首曲子都不需要纠错。
- 每次练习都以热身练习开始。目的是让您的手和手指准备好弹奏作品。
- 先练带有星号 (*) 的新作业。每一个乐曲都要反复练习，至少要准确地（零错误地）弹奏了五次。如果某一次你弹错了，该次就不能算。段落与乐句的纠错练习（如下所述）也不能算作你的五次之一。某些乐曲你可能需要弹奏很多很多次才能准确地弹奏五次。
- 不加星的作业可以在加星的作业之后练习。每一个都需要正确弹奏至少三遍。如果你弹错了，那一遍不能计为三遍之一。段落与乐句的纠错练习（如下所述）也不能算作你的三次之一。某些乐曲你可能需要弹奏很多很多次才能准确地弹奏三遍。
- 仔细按照您的老师为每首新作品详细说明的练习步骤进行操作。通常包括以下步骤：
- 首先要一边大声数拍子一边击掌或打出乐曲的节奏。永远不要在不确定节奏之前试着在钢琴上弹奏乐曲。请务必先注意拍号（例如 2/4）
- 用路标 (Land Marks) 找到第一个位置。
- 一定要注意拍号（例如 3/4）、调号 （有几个升降号）、调性（例如，这首曲子是 D 大调}，然后再开始演奏。
- 在开始演奏之前，永远先给自己设定一个稳定的拍子。新作品速度 （Tempo）要慢。当你通过练熟之后可以逐渐加快速度。
- 在大声数拍子的同时演奏这首曲子。如果您弹奏正确，这将被视为你的第一次重复。
- 弹奏乐曲并大声说出音程。例如：C – 2nd up – 3rd up – 2nd down – hold – hold – hold。弹 half notes, dotted half notes and whole notes 时，记得说 hold。 如果弹奏准确，这将被视为你的第二次重复。
- 弹奏乐曲并大声说出手指的数字。例如：1-2-4-3-1-hold-hold-hold。如果你弹奏准确，这算作你的第四次重复。此步骤仅适用于已加星标的作品，但可以对所有作品进行。
- 最后一次演奏这首曲子，同时在脑子中默数拍子。如果您弹奏准确，这是您的第五次重复。此步骤仅适用于已加星标的作品，但可以对所有作品进行。
- 接下来，练习你的复习曲子。每个复习曲都应该准确地弹奏三遍，每次都在脑中默数。
- 最后，练习视奏。每个作业只能弹奏一次，在你的脑海中默数。记得把速度足够慢，慢到确保你在第一次视奏既可完美地演奏整首曲子。切记，你每天只有一次机会！不要“练习”视奏作品。
- 每周留出一些时间来完成你的作曲和其他书面作业。花在书面作业上的时间可以算作你的练琴时间。
- 当你第一次弹奏乐曲时，从头弹到结束，不要停下来纠正错音。 如果你发现你弹错音的太多，请以较慢的速度重新开始。 永远不要为了纠正错音而打断乐曲的节奏。节奏永远比音符更重要！当你弹奏这首曲子时，记下每个错误发生的位置。
原文：
Guide To Practicing Your Lesson
https://mariespianostudio.com/2020/05/27/guide-to-practicing-your-lesson/
This is a great article on a Guide to Practicing from Kevin M Coan
How well you practice determines how well you will succeed in piano lessons. You are your own teacher six days out of seven! Therefore, what you do at home is far more important that what takes place at your lesson. It is very important, therefore, that you follow these practice guidelines faithfully every day.
- Your first practice time should come right after your lesson. That way, you will remember the things I have told you to work on. My comments will be fresher in your mind the sooner you can do this.
- Always have your assignment book open when practicing. Make sure you are including everything that was assigned.
- Music is the movement of tones in a rhythm. The most important element of music is rhythm. Always begin by setting a beat at a tempo you will be able to maintain for the entire piece. Then maintain that beat throughout the entire piece unless the tempo marks tell you differently. If you play a piece with incorrect rhythm, your playing counts for nothing, even if everything else is correct!
- Only correct practice counts. The goal of practice is to be able to play each piece accurately, in rhythm, with correct notes, counts, touch, dynamics, and expression. When you arrive at your lesson, no corrections should be necessary when playing each piece for me.
- Begin each practice session with the warm-up exercises. The purpose of these is to get your hands and fingers ready to play your pieces.
- New piece assignments with stars (*) should be practiced first. Each of these pieces needs to be repeated until you have played it a minimum of five times correctly. If you make a mistake while playing, that time does not count as one of your five times. The corrective practice of measures and phrases (described below) also does not count as one of your five times. You may need to play some pieces many many times in order to play them five times correctly.
- Assignments without stars can be practiced after the starred items. Each of these needs to be repeated a minimum of three times correctly. If you make a mistake while playing, that time does not count as one of your three times. The corrective practice of measures and phrases (described below) also does not count as one of your three times. You may need to play some pieces many many times in order to play them three times correctly.
- Carefully follow the practice steps your teacher has spelled out for each new piece. Typically the steps include:
a. Clap or tap the rhythm of the piece first. Never attempt to play a piece on the piano without being sure of the rhythm first.
Be sure to pay attention to the time signature (2/4, for example) first.
b. Use the guideposts to find your first position for the piece.
c. Be sure you pay attention to the time signature (3/4, for example), the key signature (all F’s and C’s are sharp), and the key
(this piece is in D major, for example} before you begin to play.
d. Always set a steady beat before you begin to play. Set the beat slowly with new pieces. You can gradually speed the tempo up
as you become familiar with the piece through practice.
e. Play the piece while counting aloud. If you play the piece correctly, this counts as your first repetition.
f. Play the piece and say the intervals aloud. For example: C – 2nd up – 3rd up – 2nd down – hold – hold – hold. Remember to say “hold” for the extra counts on half, dotted, half, and whole notes. If you play the piece correctly, this counts as your second repetition.
g. Play the piece and say the finger numbers aloud. For example: 1-2-4-3-1-hold-hold-hold. If you play the piece correctly, this counts as your fourth repetition. This step is required only for starred pieces, but it can be done with all pieces.
h. Play the piece a final time while counting silently in your head. If you play the piece correctly, this is your fifth repetition.
This step is required only for starred pieces, but it can be done with all pieces.
9. Next, practice your review pieces. Each review piece should be played three times correctly, counting silently in your head each time.
10. Finally, practice your sight reading work. Each assignment should be played once only, counting silently in your head. Remember to set a tempo that is slow enough that you can play the entire piece perfectly on the first reading. Remember, you only get one chance each day!
Do not “practice” sight reading pieces.
11. Set aside some time each week to complete your composition and other written assignments. The time spent on written work can count towards your practice time.
12. When you first play a piece, play it straight through without stopping to correct note mistakes. If you find that you are making too many errors, start over at a slower tempo. Never interrupt the rhythm of a piece to fix a note mistake. The rhythm is always more important than the notes. As you play through the piece, make a mental note of where each mistake occurs.
