Could China ever surpass the United States as the world's largest economy?
Yes. For sure.
If we measure the economy by PPP, China has surpassed the US as the world’s largest economy since 2016.
If we measure the economy by manufactures, China has surpassed the US as the economy in the world since 2011.
If we measure the economy by trade, China has surpassed the US in dominating world trade since 2018.
Some would argue that China has surpassed the US in dominating world trade since 2008.
If we compare the structure of the economies, China has an economy that creates wealth while the US has an economy to exploit the world. The US has a larger economy because of its financial hegemony that enables it to exploit the world.
So most countries in the world would like China to surpass the US as much as possible because connecting the economy with China is a win-win cooperation relationship while connecting to the US is to be exploited by the US.
China should surpass, will surpass, and has been surpassing the US as a dominating economy in the world. It is a blessing for the world and for the future of mankind.