导致皮肤溃烂的“镇静剂”流入美国大城市

一种导致皮肤溃烂的“镇静剂”流入美国大城市

来源:nypost -  - 生活 
 
据报道,被称为“镇静剂”、“兴奋剂”和“僵尸药”的药物Xylazine正在给全美多个大城市造成严重破坏,它可以让服药者的皮肤溃烂。

据报道,xylazine(甲苯嗪)这种物质首先出现在费城,然后向西出现在旧金山和洛杉矶,该药物本用于戒毒治疗,但最近,调查人员在芬太尼和其他非法药物中发现药物物质。

据悉,该药物会起到镇静效果,如过度嗜睡、影响呼吸和心血管系统,还可能会使伤口严重溃烂,并蔓延至身体各处。这种结痂性溃烂最终会变成焦痂,如果不及时治疗,最终可能需要截肢。

美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)已批准给动物使用xylazine药物,但该非阿片类药物对人类并不安全,服用此药还可能使部分戒毒治疗失效。

但是,由于该药没有被列为管制药物,它处于一个灰色地带,医院也很少通过常规毒理学筛查来检测它。

上个月,来自费城的39岁的特雷西·麦肯(Tracey McCann),其毒品注射处附近突然出现xylazine特异性伤口。在接受采访时她表示:“我早上会哭着醒来,因为我的胳膊快不行了。”

当甲苯嗪与毒品混合使用时,可以延长毒品所带来的快感。报告称,从2021年开始,90%的实验室检测的兴奋剂样本中含有甲苯嗪。专家警告说,在这种趋势下,xylazine可能会加剧目前的毒品流行程度。

根据2022年的一份报告,美国36个州发现了xylazine药物,仅在纽约市,就有25%的样本中发现了这种药物。

此外,本月早些时候,旧金山卫生部宣布,在四名服用过量的人体内发现了低水平的甲苯嗪,这表明这种物质可能隐藏在药物中,而使用者却不知道。

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推特疯传一支奇特影片,在美国街头有一群人宛如丧尸现身街头,举止怪异引人侧目,据瞭解,这都是新兴毒品“赛拉嗪”(Xylazine)所造成的后果,吸食这种毒品后,严重者可能因出现大面积伤口,需要紧急截肢。

综合外媒报道,美国街头有新兴毒品“赛拉嗪”(Xylazine)流窜,由费城开始出现吸食者诡异举动,并迅速延烧到旧金山和洛杉矶。

美国街头出现宛如丧尸的人,据悉是吸食毒品“赛拉嗪”引发的症状。(翻摄推特@theoryorb)

“赛拉嗪”属于一种镇静药物,获美国食品药物管理局(FDA)批准,通常用做马、牛等大型哺乳动物的肌肉鬆弛剂,目前尚未被列入人类管制药物跟医院常规毒物检测项目,成为灰色地带。

吸食“赛拉嗪”的使用者会出现步履蹒跚、呼吸困难、失去方向感,皮肤甚至会有持续发生溃疡问题,最后恶化变为死皮组织,呈现焦痂(eschar)状态。另外这种开放性伤口可能会因感染溃烂,造成吸食者毁容,严重者甚至须紧急截肢。

NGO“减少国家危害联盟”资深医生艾玛(Emma Roberts)描述自己在波多黎各见识过的患者病况,最大伤口面积遍及整个前臂。另外也有吸食者接受媒体采访,透露这种毒品将“人们的身体变成殭尸”,自己吸食后腿部都出现伤口。

目前仍不清楚这种毒品引发的病变原因,但从理论推测,“赛拉嗪”会引发体内严重发炎,且同时破坏血管及免疫系统,人们可能因为伤口感染增加更多风险。

洛杉矶郡卫生部药物滥用预防及管制部主任盖瑞(Dr. Gary Tsai)也忧心美国正处于“史上最严重的用药过量危机之中”,而新兴毒品只是更让情况恶化。从2022年某份相关报告透露“赛拉嗪”现踪全美36州,且旧金山卫生部指出,曾在4名用药过量患者体内验出低浓度的“赛拉嗪”,不排除人们在不知情状况下服用潜藏在其他药物里的赛拉嗪。>>>>>

美国各大城市街头出现新兴毒品「赛拉嗪」(Xylazine),让使用者沦为「僵尸」。瘾君子把它和古柯硷、海洛因或芬太尼掺杂混用,达到延长药效的效果,却引起昏迷、过度嗜睡、视线模煳等副作用,最可怕的是会产生大面积开放性伤口,迅速恶化溃烂,若感染深入骨头,还必须紧急截肢。

综合外媒报导,「赛拉嗪」在美国首度现踪于费城,之后一路往西扩散至旧金山和洛杉矶。另据报道,目前在纽约也出现了它的身影。它是一种镇静药物,获美国食品药物管理局(FDA)批准,作为马牛等大型哺乳动物的肌肉鬆弛剂,未被列为人类管制药物及医院常规毒物检测项目,落入恐怖灰色地带。

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如果服用「赛拉嗪」会出现类似镇静的症状,例如步履蹒跚、呼吸困难、失去方向感,以及「持续且广泛的」皮肤溃疡,最后发展为被称为焦痂(eschar)的死皮组织。最令人害怕的是,许多患者身上出现巨大开放性伤口,因此破相毁容,甚至截肢。

NGO「减少国家危害联盟」资深医师艾玛(Emma Roberts)曾在波多黎各治疗「赛拉嗪」患者,她看过最大的伤口范围扩及整个前臂,「我们看到的是非常大型的病变,有时在注射部位,有时在体内。如果放着不管,(患处)可能直接切开,你可以看到人们的骨头和肌腱。」组织护士也表示,那看起来就像某种东西「从内到外吃掉你的血肉」。

39岁患者特蕾西(Tracey McCann)向《纽约时报》表示,她的注射部位上个月突然出现「赛拉嗪」特有伤口,「我早上会哭着醒来,因为我的手臂快要不行了。」28岁患者山姆(Sam)向《天空新闻》说,这种药物「基本上就是把人们的身体变成殭尸。直到9个月前,我从来没有伤口。现在,我的腿和脚都有洞了。」

目前尚不清楚病变的机制与原因,但有理论推测,「赛拉嗪」会引发体内严重发炎,导致伤口难以癒合,同时破坏血管及免疫系统,让人们更容易感染。目前也未有获批准的对应药物,主要治疗方法是缓解症状。

洛杉矶郡卫生部药物滥用预防及管制部主任盖瑞(Dr. Gary Tsai)指出,美国已经陷入「史上最严重的用药过量危机之中」,「赛拉嗪」的流行恐怕使得情况雪上加霜。

根据一份2022年的报告,「赛拉嗪」在全美36州被检测出来。本月稍早,旧金山卫生部指出,4名用药过量患者体内发现低浓度的「赛拉嗪」,怀疑它可能隐藏在其他药物中,导致人们在不知情的状况下服用。

Skin-Rotting 'Zombie Drug' Xylazine Tied to Increase in US Drug Overdoses

https://www.psychiatrist.com/news/skin-rotting-zombie-drug-tied-to-increase-in-us-drug-overdoses/?

by STAFF WRITER FEBRUARY 23, 2023 AT 8:05 AM UTC

Clinical Relevance: Be on the lookout for use of xylazine, a new animal sedative often used in conjunction with opioids

  • Xylazine is a fast-spreading, deadly new street drug often cut into other drugs or used used to extend the effects of fentanyl and mimic the high of heroin.
  • The drug can cause sedative-like symptoms and severe skin rot.
  • Although approved for use in veterinary medicine, the drug is unsafe for humans and overdoses cannot be reversed by the opioid antidote, naloxone.

There is a deadly new street drug to worry about. It acts as a sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxant. Oh, and it also causes severe skin rot.

Xylazine–which goes by the street names “tranq,” “tranq dope,” and “zombie drug”–is approved for use in horses, cattle, and other non-human mammals. In the past couple of years, opioid users have started taking it to extend the effects of fentanyl and mimic the high of heroin. 

However, some users may not intentionally seek out xylazine. In many cases, people are not aware that it has been cut into the other drugs they are buying and using, according to an urgent warning from Philadelphia’s Department of Public Health

The tranq trend appears to have begun in Puerto Rico in the early 2000s, a study published in the journal Injury Prevention suggested. Philly was the first US city to document its use around 2006. Since then, it has quickly spread across the country to at least 36 states, with xylazine-related overdose deaths recorded in Ohio, Maryland, Massachusetts, and Texas. Other public health warnings about the drug have been issued by New York City, Los Angeles, and San Francisco.

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FDA-approved for use in veterinary medicine, xylazine is considered unsafe for humans. It’s not an opioid, so users who overdose on the drug can’t be saved by naloxone (Narcan), the opioid OD reversal injection recently recommended by a government panel for over the counter sales. But because xylazine is now almost always found in combination with opioids, including fentanyl, the Philadelphia warning recommended administering Narcan anyway for any suspected opioid overdose.

The drug causes excessive sleepiness and respiratory depression. But its most distressing symptom is raw, crusty skin ulcers that spread out from the injection site. The skin wounds decompensate quickly and can be so severe that the infected body part may require amputation if left untreated. 

Research has yet to definitively prove a connection between xylazine and the open sores, but the Philadelphia report noted that there does appear to be an association between the two. Since xylazine came onto the city’s drug scene, local hospital systems have reported a rise in skin and soft tissue infections among drug users. 

Xylazine is not on the list of controlled substances under the federal Controlled Substances Act. Currently, there is no way to test for the drug in the system. A person who has overdosed on the drug will likely be unresponsive, the Philadelphia report noted. When a person overdoses on xylazine in combination with fentanyl, symptoms can include blue-to-grayish skin, as well as slowed breathing and heart rate.

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