中国在关键新兴技术竞争中正超越美国
路透社 ｜2023-03-02
澳大利亚智库：在44项关键技术领域研究上 中国有37项已超美国
一份最新报告显示，中国研究人员在几十项关键技术的研究中领先于美国同行。该报告认为，中国在一些科学探究领域占据主导地位，并且有能力在未来取得关键突破。
据路透社周四援引美国务院委托澳大利亚战略政策研究所(Australian Strategic Policy Institute, 简称ASPI)调研的一份报告称，ASPI追踪调查的44项技术领域的研究方面，包括国防、太空、机器人技术、能源、环境、生物技术、人工智能、先进材料和量子技术等多个领域，中国科学院有37项领先于美国。
“从长远来看，中国领先的科研地位，意味着该国不仅会在几乎所有领域的当前技术发展方面表现出色，而且也会在尚不存在的未来技术方面出类拔萃。”
调查数据显示，尽管美国在一些领域逊色于中国，但是美国仍在高性能计算、量子计算、小卫星和疫苗研究等领域处于领先地位。
这家总部位于堪培拉、主要由澳大利亚政府资助的智库表示，中国和美国在科研竞赛中遥遥领先于其他国家。该报告认为，位列中美之后的印度和英国在大多数科研领域明显落后，排在印度和英国之后的分别是韩国和德国。
此外，根据联合国下属机构世界知识产权组织(World Intellectual Property Organization)的数据，2011年，中国的年度专利申请数量首次超过了美国；2021年，中国全年专利申请数量达到158万件，远超美国的两倍水平。
在这种趋势下，还有一些证据表明国际学术界越来越认可中国研究的质量。根据日本政府资助的国家科学技术学术政策研究所(National Institute of Science and Technology Policy)去年发表的一项统计，2018年至2020年期间，在全球被引用次数排名前1%的科学论文中，中国研究论文的数量和占比超过了美国，为有史以来首次。
另据华尔街日报此前报道，2021年，有1400多名旅美华裔科学家放弃了在美国学术单位或企业的工作，选择回到中国，原因之一就是考虑到中国在尖端研究方面的实力不断增强。
China leads US in global competition for key emerging technology, study says
SYDNEY, March 2 (Reuters) - China has a "stunning lead" in 37 out of 44 critical and emerging technologies as Western democracies lose a global competition for research output, a security think tank said on Thursday after tracking defence, space, energy and biotechnology.
The Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) said its study showed that, in some fields, all of the world's top 10 research institutions are based in China.
The study, funded by the United States State Department, found the United States was often second-ranked, although it led global research in high-performance computing, quantum computing, small satellites and vaccines.
"Western democracies are losing the global technological competition, including the race for scientific and research breakthroughs," the report said, urging greater research investment by governments.
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China had established a "stunning lead in high-impact research" under government programs.
The report called for democratic nations to collaborate more often to create secure supply chains and "rapidly pursue a strategic critical technology step-up".
ASPI tracked the most-cited scientific papers, which it said are the most likely to result in patents. China's surprise breakthrough in hypersonic missiles in 2021 would have been identified earlier if China's strong research had been detected, it said.
"Over the past five years, China generated 48.49% of the world's high-impact research papers into advanced aircraft engines, including hypersonics, and it hosts seven of the world's top 10 research institutions," it said.
In the fields of photonic sensors and quantum communication, China's research strength could result in it "going dark" to the surveillance of western intelligence, including the "Five Eyes" of Britain, United States, Australia, Canada and New Zealand, it said.
National talent flows of researchers were also tracked and monopoly risks were identified.
China was likely to emerge with a monopoly in 10 fields including synthetic biology, where it produces one-third of all research, as well as electric batteries, 5G, and nano manufacturing.
The Chinese Academy of Sciences, a government research body, ranked first or second in most of the 44 technologies tracked, which spanned defence, space, robotics, energy, the environment, biotechnology, artificial intelligence (AI), advanced materials and quantum technology.
China was bolstering its research with knowledge gained overseas, and the data showed one-fifth of the top Chinese researchers were trained in a Five Eyes country, it said.
The study recommended visa screening programs to limit illegal technology transfers and instead favour international collaboration with security allies.
Australia's universities have said they are complying with foreign influence laws designed to stop the illegal transfer of technology to China, but also noted international collaboration is an integral part of university research.
China leads US in global competition for key emerging technology
STORY HIGHLIGHTS
The report mentioned that over the past five years, 'China generated 48.49% of the world's high-impact research papers into advanced aircraft engines, including hypersonics, and it hosts seven of the world's top 10 research institutions'
A new report has revealed that the United States and many Western countries are far behind in the race with China to develop advanced technologies and retain talent. The report noted that Beijing is establishing a monopoly in some areas with a "stunning lead" in 37 out of 44 critical and emerging technologies.
The report showed that, in some fields, all of the world's top 10 research institutions are based in China. The study also urged greater research investment by governments.
The report is released by Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) after tracking defence, space, energy and biotechnology.
The report published on Thursday said is funded by the United States State Department. The study found that the US was often second-ranked, although it led global research in high-performance computing, quantum computing, small satellites and vaccines.
The report said: "Western democracies are losing the global technological competition, including the race for scientific and research breakthroughs."
The study has urged the democratic nations to collaborate more often to create secure supply chains and "rapidly pursue a strategic critical technology step-up" as it highlighted that China had established a "stunning lead in high-impact research" under government programs.
The report mentioned that over the past five years, "China generated 48.49% of the world's high-impact research papers into advanced aircraft engines, including hypersonics, and it hosts seven of the world's top 10 research institutions".
The report said: "Our research reveals that China has built the foundations to position itself as the world's leading science and technology superpower, by establishing a sometimes stunning lead in high-impact research across the majority of critical and emerging technology domains."
"The critical technology tracker shows that, for some technologies, all of the world’s top 10 leading research institutions are based in China and are collectively generating nine times more high-impact research papers than the second-ranked country (most often the US)," the report added.
