回复 'ShalakoW' 的评论 : Well, history HAS REPEATEDLY REPEATED itself so...
ShalakoW 发表评论于
neshershahor : Touché! You should elaborate your argument.
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That would be a book full of repeated words.
They chose democracy not because they loved it, they hated and distrusted it. They chose democracy because they had no other options. Starting from there, their focus had always been on how to diminish the bad parts of democracy. As for the good parts out of a democracy (such as correct the wrong only after the wrong is made), they let the game play out by itself.
They took the chance to believe that most people would feel the pain after they had been hurt, even by themselves, which is all of what is required from the public for a democracy to work: people can choose right over wrong when right and wrong are clearly laid out before their eyes.
Yet, MAGA movement seems to have shaken this fundamental belief, for now at least.
ShalakoW 发表评论于
neshershahor: 畢竟Plato的Republic認為,“民(主)制會被民粹(多數人的暴政)顛覆,最後建立Tyranny”——...
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I suppose what you meant to say was "...民主制度可能被民粹取代(颠覆),成为(多数人)的"暴政"。
就是基于这样的担忧,联邦(共和国)的缔造者们设计出一套宪法,来"制约民主选举结果", 以避免民选政府成为"暴政"。
就是我文章题目的意思。
The Framers of the US Constitution distrusted democracies. Commenting on the dangers of assemblies, James Madison famously opined that “had every Athenian citizen been a Socrates, every Athenian assembly would still have been a mob.” He felt that governments needed some shelter from the impetuous passions and partisan anger of the people. Without protections, he felt, democracies were “as short in their lives, as they have been violent in their deaths.”
As such, the word ‘democracy’ is absent in both the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. ....Ironically, Constitutions, by their very nature, are anti-democratic.
美国宪法的缺陷已经显露出来啦,一篇短文肯定无法理清,不如看书。Steven Levitsky和 Daniel Ziblatt 又推出一本新书 ,将于2023年10月发行。《少数暴政:美国民主的临界点》(Tyranny of the Minority: Why American Democracy Came to the Breaking Point). 这里有详细的介绍:http://hx.cnd.org/2023/06/12/%e8%b5%b5%e6%98%8e%ef%bc%88%e7%bc%96%e8%af%91%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9a%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%e6%98%af%e5%90%a6%e5%a4%84%e4%ba%8e%e5%8d%b1%e6%9c%ba%e4%b9%8b%e4%b8%ad%ef%bc%9f/。
曌: US Constitution is to regulate power because power corrupts.
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纸面上你可以这么说,但现实中,权利是民主选举的结果。
美国总统的权利不仅是一个概念,也是真实。直到某人赢了总统大选并开始使用这个权利的时候,总统权力才变得真实。竞选时,此人须向大众承诺要"如此这般"来赢得大选,然而,一旦进了白宫,宪法会告诉他/她,"等等,你无法做"如此这般", 如果你运气好,你或能做"如此""。这样一来,民主选举结果的效应就被消去一半。
因为政客总不能兑现竞选承诺,大众总觉得觉得被愚弄了。尽管他们有权力这么做,指责政客说话不算数,但这常常是宪法发力的结果,宪法阻止政客这么做。
ShalakoW 发表评论于
曌: US constitution is to regulate power because power corrupts.
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In theory you may say that, yet in reality the power is the result of a democratic election.
Presidential power is not just a concept, it is a real thing. That real thing cannot become real until a person who has won the presidential election and starts to use the power. The person will have to promise the public that he/she would do such such things to win the election, but once in While House, the Constitution will tell him/her, "wait a minute, you cannot do "such such" things, you may only do such thing, if you are lucky. " In reality, the effect of the result of an democratic election is cut in half.
That's why often the public feel cheated, since the politicians cannot deliver the promises they have made in their campaign. While the public may have every right to blame the politicians for their failures to make the deliveries, but oftentimes it is the result that the Constitution has been at work to have stopped them doing so.