Katalin Karikó, PhD, is a renowned biochemist and researcher known for her contributions to mRNA technology and the development of COVID-19 vaccines. She specializes in ribonucleic acid (RNA)-mediated mechanisms, particularly in vitro-transcribed messenger RNA (mRNA) for protein therapies.
More than 15 years ago, Karikó and her colleague Drew Weissman discovered a way to modify mRNA and developed a delivery technique using lipid nanoparticles to ensure that mRNA reaches the appropriate part of the body to trigger an immune response against diseases.
In 2023, Karikó and Weissman were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their groundbreaking discoveries in mRNA technology. mRNA was discovered in the early 1960s, and research on its delivery into cells began in the 1970s. Karikó’s work has played a significant role in the development of mRNA vaccines, including the COVID-19 vaccines.
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Katalin Karikó is a Hungarian-American biochemist who specializes in ribonucleic acid-mediated mechanisms, particularly in vitro-transcribed messenger RNA for protein replacement therapy. Wikipedia
“Ten years ago I was kicked out and forced to retire.”
Our new medicine laureate Katalin Karikó told us how much it means to be awarded the Nobel Prize after a scientific career that has been full of challenges. Ten years ago, Karikó was still doing all her experiments by hand but today she has been awarded the medicine prize for her research on mRNA, which led to the development of COVID-19 vaccines.
39,441 views Oct 2, 2023 Nobel Prize Conversations
The call from Stockholm woke Katalin Karikó at her home outside Philadelphia. Initially in disbelief, in this interview with Adam Smith, recorded soon after she had learnt of the award of the Nobel Prize for discoveries that accelerated the introduction of vaccines for Covid-19, she recalls her journey from Hungary and some of the setbacks on the path to the mRNA vaccines. "10 years ago I was here in October, because I was kicked out and forced to retire!" Her advice is to not to dwell on the problems: "You have to focus on the things you can change."
“Ten years ago I was kicked out and forced to retire.”
Our new medicine laureate Katalin Karikó told us how much it means to be awarded the Nobel Prize after a scientific career that has been full of challenges. Ten years ago, Karikó was still doing all her experiments by hand but today she has been awarded the medicine prize for her research on mRNA, which led to the development of COVID-19 vaccines.
She was demoted, doubted and rejected. Now, her work is the basis of the Covid-19 vaccine
By Leah Asmelash and AJ Willingham, CNN
Updated 10:59 PM EST, Wed December 16, 2020
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CNN —
Covid-19 vaccines are starting to roll out in several countries, a momentous breakthrough that hopefully signals a light at the end of this dark pandemic. For Katalin Karikó, the moment is particularly special.
Karikó has spent decades of her career researching the therapeutic possibilities of mRNA, a component of DNA that is considered to be one of the main building blocks of life. Through multiple setbacks, job losses, doubt and a transatlantic move, Karikó stood by her conviction: That mRNA could be used for something truly groundbreaking. Now, that work is the basis of the Covid-19 vaccine.
From Hungary to the US
Karikó, 65, began her career in her native Hungary in the 1970s, when mRNA research was new and the possibilities seemed endless. But the call of the American dream (and more researching and funding opportunities) took root.
In 1985, she and her husband and young daughter left Hungary for the US after she got an invitation from Temple University in Philadelphia. They sold their car, Karikó told The Guardian, and stuffed the money – an equivalent of about $1,200 – in their daughter’s teddy bear for safekeeping.
RNA contains four bases, abbreviated A, U, G, and C, corresponding to A, T, G, and C in DNA, the letters of the genetic code. Karikó and Weissman knew that bases in RNA from mammalian cells are frequently chemically modified, while in vitro transcribed mRNA is not. They wondered if the absence of altered bases in the in vitro transcribed RNA could explain the unwanted inflammatory reaction. To investigate this, they produced different variants of mRNA, each with unique chemical alterations in their bases, which they delivered to dendritic cells. The results were striking: The inflammatory response was almost abolished when base modifications were included in the mRNA. This was a paradigm change in our understanding of how cells recognize and respond to different forms of mRNA. Karikó and Weissman immediately understood that their discovery had profound significance for using mRNA as therapy. These seminal results were published in 2005, fifteen years before the COVID-19 pandemic.
[1]Neill, U. S. (2021). A conversation with Katalin Karikó. J. Clin. Invest., 131(21). doi: 10.1172/JCI155559
[2]Kolata, G. (2021). Kati Kariko Helped Shield the World From the Coronavirus. N.Y. Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/08/health/coronavirus-mrna-kariko.html
[3]Hargittai, I., & Hargittai, M. (2021). Our science and the Covid-19 pandemic—Katalin Karikó’s research idea and her perseverance. Struct. Chem., 32(4), 1353. doi: 10.1007/s11224-021-01797-9
[4]Susan Francia Dream Big! (2023). Retrieved from https://www.susanfrancia.com/about-me
[5]Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman Awarded Horwitz Prize for Pioneering Research on COVID-19 Vaccines. (2021). Retrieved from https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/horwitz-prize-2021
[6]How Scientists Drew Weissman (MED’87, GRS’87) and Katalin Karikó Developed the Revolutionary mRNA Technology Inside COVID Vaccines. (2021). Retrieved from https://www.bu.edu/articles/2021/how-drew-weissman-and-katalin-kariko-developed-mrna-technology-inside-covid-vaccines
[7]Johnson, C. Y. (2021). A scientific hunch. Then silence. Until the world needed a lifesaving vaccine. Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2021/10/01/drew-weissman-mrna-vaccine
[8]Drew Weissman | Yale 2022. (2023, October 02). Retrieved from https://yale2022.yale.edu/honorary-degrees/drew-weissman
[9]Lloreda, C. L. (2021). Messenger RNA vaccine pioneer Katalin Karikó shares her long journey to Covid-19 vaccines. STAT. Retrieved from https://www.statnews.com/2021/07/19/katalin-kariko-messenger-rna-vaccine-pioneer
[10]Healy, M. (2023). Scientists whose work paved way for COVID vaccines win Nobel. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2023-10-02/kariko-weissman-mrna-covid-vaccine-nobel-prize
Nobel Prize committee cites UCI’s Phillip Felgner
Phillip Felgner, UCI professor in residence of physiology & biophysics
Today, the Nobel Prize committee awarded this year’s honor in physiology or medicine to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman of the University of Pennsylvania for research leading to mRNA vaccines. But it’s also worth celebrating that their discoveries wouldn’t have been possible without the contributions of Phillip Felgner, UCI professor in residence of physiology & biophysics, whose work in the 1990s explored the use of mRNA as a potential vaccine platform. In fact, the advanced scientific information that the Nobel committee posted for the award mentions Felgner’s contributions to the development of these vaccines. Felgner directs UCI’s Vaccine Research and Development Center, and he received the 2022 Robert Koch Prize and Spain’s Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research for his contributions to the creation of mRNA vaccines. Congratulations, Phil.
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“Ten years ago I was kicked out and forced to retire.”
Our new medicine laureate Katalin Karikó told us how much it means to be awarded the Nobel Prize after a scientific career that has been full of challenges. Ten years ago, Karikó was still doing all her experiments by hand but today she has been awarded the medicine prize for her research on mRNA, which led to the development of COVID-19 vaccines.
39,441 views Oct 2, 2023 Nobel Prize Conversations
The call from Stockholm woke Katalin Karikó at her home outside Philadelphia. Initially in disbelief, in this interview with Adam Smith, recorded soon after she had learnt of the award of the Nobel Prize for discoveries that accelerated the introduction of vaccines for Covid-19, she recalls her journey from Hungary and some of the setbacks on the path to the mRNA vaccines. "10 years ago I was here in October, because I was kicked out and forced to retire!" Her advice is to not to dwell on the problems: "You have to focus on the things you can change."
Our new medicine laureate Katalin Karikó told us how much it means to be awarded the Nobel Prize after a scientific career that has been full of challenges. Ten years ago, Karikó was still doing all her experiments by hand but today she has been awarded the medicine prize for her research on mRNA, which led to the development of COVID-19 vaccines.