Trotsky, Leon. Thermidor and Anti-Semitism. The New International. May 1941, VII (4) [15 October 2016]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-26): Originally written 22 February 1937
Azadovskii, Konstantin; Boris Egorov. From Anti-Westernism to Anti-Semitism: Stalin and the Impact of the "Anti-Cosmopolitan" Campaigns on Soviet Culture. Journal of Cold War Studies. 2002, 4 (1): 66–80 [15 October 2016]. ISSN 1520-3972. doi:10.1162/152039702753344834. (原始内容存档于2021-02-20).
Patai & Patai 1989.
. (原始内容使用|archiveurl=需要含有|url= (帮助)存档于21 July 2011). 缺少或|title=为空 (帮助)
Corrin, Chris; Feihn, Terry. AQA A-level History Tsarist and Communist Russia: 1855-1964. Hachette UK; Hodder Education; Dynamic Learning. 31 July 2015: 48–49 [8 September 2015]. ISBN 9781471837807. (原始内容存档于2021-09-09).
Albert S. Lindemann. Esau's Tears: Modern Anti-Semitism and the Rise of the Jews. Cambridge University Press. 1997: 429 [15 October 2016]. ISBN 978-0-521-79538-8.
Pinkus, Benjamin. The Jews of the Soviet Union: The History of a National Minority. Cambridge University Press. 26 January 1990: 44 [2021-09-09]. ISBN 978-0-521-38926-6. (原始内容存档于2021-10-15).
Pipes, page 363, quoted from book by Nora Levin, The Jews in the Soviet Union since 1917, New York, 1988, page 57: "[The mission of the Yevesektsiya was to] destruction of traditional Jewish life, the Zionist movement, and Hebrew culture"
See: USSR anti-religious campaign (1921–1928), USSR anti-religious campaign (1928–1941), USSR anti-religious campaign (1958–1964), USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1990)
Pipes, Richard. Russia under the Bolshevik regime. A.A. Knopf. 1993: 363. ISBN 978-0-394-50242-7.
Russia Virtual Jewish History Tour. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. [2018-04-25]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-24) (英语).
Lenin's March 1919 speech "On Anti-Jewish Pogroms" (text, ?)
Benjamin Pinkus. The Jews of the Soviet Union: The History of a National Minority. Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Naomi Blank. "Redefining the Jewish Question from Lenin to Gorbachev: Terminology or Ideology". In: Yaacov Ro'i, editor. Jews and Jewish Life in Russia and the Soviet Union. Routledge, 1995.
William Korey. Russian Anti-semitism, Pamyat, and the Demonology of Zionism. Routledge, 1995.
Rogger, Hans. Jewish Policies and Right-wing Politics in Imperial Russia. January 1986 [2021-09-09]. ISBN 9780520045965. (原始内容存档于2021-09-09).
Russian expression: "Ezhovye rukavitsy", this can be also translated as "ruled by iron fist"
Pinkus, Benjamin. The Jews of the Soviet Union: The History of a National Minority. Cambridge University Press. 1988: 85–87.
Dmitri Volkogonov, Lenin: A New Biography, Free Press, 1994
2nd. 缺少或|title=为空 (帮助)
Ro'i, Yaacov, Jews and Jewish Life in Russia and the Soviet Union, Routledge, 1995, ISBN 0-7146-4619-9, pp. 103-6.
Montefiore, Simon Sebag, Young Stalin, Random House, Inc., 2008, ISBN 1-4000-9613-8, p. 165.
Kun, Miklós, Stalin: An Unknown Portrait, Central European University Press, 2003, ISBN 963-9241-19-9, p. 287.
Konstantin Azadovskii and Boris Egorov, From Anti-Westernism to Anti-Semitism, Journal of Cold War Studies, 2002, 4:1 (Winter 2002): 66–80 [2021-09-09], (原始内容存档于2021-02-20)
Patai & Patai 1989,第178页.
Anti-Semitism in Russia. Russian disinformation and inspiration of anti-Semitism – Fundacja INFO OPS Polska. [2020-06-25]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-27) (pl-PL).
Horowitz, Irving Louis. Cuba, Castro and Anti-Semitism (PDF). Current Psychology. 2007, 26 (3–4): 183–190 [16 October 2016]. ISSN 0737-8262. OCLC 9460062. doi:10.1007/s12144-007-9016-4. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-11-25).
Laqueur 2006
Norman M. Naimark, The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945–1949. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1995, 338
Norman M. Naimark, The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945–1949. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1995, 444
Goldhagen 1987
Beckerman, Gal. When They Come For Us, We'll All Be Gone. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2010: 103.
Beckerman, Gal. When They Come For Us We'll All Be Gone. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2010: 103.
Korey, William. Robert O. Freedman , 编. Brezhnev and Soviet Anti-Semitism. Durham: Duke University Press. 1984: 31.
Korey, William. Brezhnev and Soviet Anti-Semitism. : 31.
Korey, William. Brezhnev and Soviet Anti-Semitism. : 29.
Korey, William. Brezhnev and Soviet Anti-Semitism. : 30.
none. Povada. February 23, 1981: 38.
Beckerman, Gal. When They Come For Us, We'll All Be Gone. : 305.
Beckerman, Gal. When They Come For Us, We'll All Be Gone. : 306.
Beckerman, Gal. When They Come For Us, We'll All Be Gone. : 308–310.
你提供的维基百科词条《The Holocaust in the Soviet Union》说得很清楚:
The Holocaust in the Soviet Union was the genocide of at least 2 million Soviet Jews by Nazi Germany, Romania, and local collaborators during the German-Soviet War,
在苏联发生的杀了两百万犹太人的种族灭绝,是由纳粹德国,罗马尼亚,和德国在苏联的“local collaborators”这三方面干的。
德国在苏联的“local collaborators”一个例子,是在加拿大国会被欢呼致敬为“抗俄英雄”的乌克兰纳粹党卫军成员 Yaroslav Hunka。
这三方面全都是苏联政府的敌人,没有一方是苏联政府。
这并没有给你“苏联对犹太人进行残酷迫害”的说法提供佐证。
恰恰相反,这个词条说明苏联政府不是在苏联针对犹太人的种族灭绝的三个参与者中的一个。
不知道你为什么认为维基百科词条《The Holocaust in the Soviet Union》能给你“苏联对犹太人进行残酷迫害”的说法提供佐证。
SUDreamers 发表评论于
回复 '新林院' 的评论 : 建议你读读历史,直接搜索英文资料,先从下面几条入手:
Antisemitism in the Soviet Union
Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org ? wiki ? Antisemitism_in_the_S...
The February Revolution in Russia officially ended a centuries-old regime of antisemitism in the Russian Empire, legally abolishing the Pale of Settlement.
?Joseph Stalin · ?Anti-cosmopolitan campaign · ?Russian Empire · ?Yevsektsiya
The Holocaust in the Soviet Union
Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org ? wiki ? The_Holocaust_in_the...
The Holocaust in the Soviet Union was the genocide of at least 2 million Soviet Jews by Nazi Germany, Romania, and local collaborators during the German-Soviet ...
Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union: Chronology of Events
新林院 发表评论于
【从沙俄到苏联,也都对犹太人进行残酷的排挤和迫害。】
事实并不是这样,犹太人在苏联有很高的地位。
苏联早期领袖里,犹太人占一大部分。
苏联第一号领袖,列宁,有四分之一的犹太血统。
苏联第二号领袖,托洛茨基,是百分之百的犹太人。
1917年,21位苏共中央委员里,有5位犹太人,占苏共中央 23%。
描述斯大林格勒保卫战的电影《Enemy at the Gates》里,神枪手所在的部队,政委是犹太人,显示到了斯大林时代,犹太人继续在苏联有很高的地位。
斯大林在苏联远东拨了一块土地赠送给犹太人,建立了比罗比詹犹太自治州。虽然犹太人嫌那里冷,没多少人去,但它仍然是世界上除了以色列以外,犹太人的第二个家园。