Pismennye Pamiatniki Vostoka （Witten Momuments of the Orient 《东方文碑》）2024第4期俄文内封（局部）
无名英雄：德國学者评沈仲章
（书评选摘译介）
书评作者： Hartmut WALRAVENS （魏汉茂）；主要译者：袁海旺
所评之书：
沈亚明《众星何历历：沈仲章和他的朋友们》（Stars Scattering Above：C.C. Shen and His Friends)，北京：中华书局，2022.464页， ISBN 978-7-101-15834-2 （中文）。
Review of the book:
Shen Yaming 沈亚明. Zhong Xing He Li Li: Shen Zhongzhang He Tade Pengyoumen 众星何历历: 沈仲章和他的朋友们 (Why are the Stars So Bright: Shen Zhongzhang and His Friends). Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2022. 464 pp. — ISBN 978-7-101-15834-2 (in Chinese)
【编者按】原书作者沈亚明在该书出版前，已定英文书名 Stars Scattering Above：C.C. Shen and His Friends——主标题 Stars Scattering Above 印在封面，副标题 C.C. Shen and His Friends 印在封底。虽然德国国家图书馆现已收藏该书，但因海外购书流程耗时，魏汉茂撰书评期间尚未见到纸质本。
所评之书是一本文集，内中每篇都曾单独发表，现经原作者修改，汇编成一本传记性文集，献给其已故父亲沈仲章（1905-1987 ）。
The book under review is a collection of essays, published before individually but now revised, which the authoress dedicated to the biography of her late father Shen Zhongzhang 沈仲章 (1905–1987).
【编者按】按原书评排版，上一小段与以下数小段同属一个大段。现为阅读方便而切分，但为保留原排版痕迹，上段起首空格，以下数段起首顶格，直到原文另起一段。
书作者在前言和后记中，详细介绍了写作过程。并详尽地叙述了她排除万难，寻找各种纪录，来呈现其父亲形象所作出的种种努力。而第一个要克服的障碍，就是如何标签或为沈仲章归类——他到底是一个音乐学家（步其先师刘天华后尘）还是一个语言学家，到底是一个学者还是一个文化经理人，或是一个对他人有用的助手、一个为他人（譬如探险家斯文﹒赫定）服务的行政人员？
In the preface and postface, she details the genesis of this book and describes the difficulties she had to cope with in the course of her efforts to present a documented portrait of her father. The first obstacle was already to label or classify Shen Zhongzhang — was he a musicologist (in the footsteps of his teacher Liu Tianhua), a linguist, a cultural manager, a scholar, a useful assistant to others, an administrator (e.g., for the explorer Sven Hedin)?
沈仲章一生承担过很多工作，但从来没有往上爬的野心。这并不是因为他觉得自己不适合更高的职务，而只不过是喜欢按照他自己的想法和规划来做事并把事做成。他认为，人一旦爬到高位并成为众目睽睽的人物，便会失去自由做想做的事。至于他认为“算”的事，往往是别人的事或项目，而不是他自己的名分。
He took many jobs but lacked the ambition to get to the top — not because he felt unfit for a higher level position, but because he enjoyed doing and achieving things according to his own ideas and plans. He held the view that, as soon as you climb the ladder and are in the limelight, you are no longer free to do what you really want, i.e., things that count. Usually those were other people’s projects or matters that counted for him, not his own role in them.
因此，当沈仲章主编一部基于《御制五体清文鉴》（约成书于1795 年）的《维汉词典》时，谢绝了被列作编辑的殊荣。他在刘天华溘然逝去后，婉拒了接任先师的教职，说自己充其量只是个学生。这类不寻常的谦让、以及对世俗荣耀不屑一顾的例子，不胜枚举。
So, when he was asked to become the editor of an Uighur dictionary on the basis of the imperial pentaglot dictionary 御製五體清文鑒 (finished ca. 1795) he refused this honour. And he did not take over the teaching responsibilities of Liu Tianhua after the sudden death of the master — after all, he was just a student. There are more examples of this uncommon modesty or disinterest in worldly glory.
还有一个例证，就是他救护举世闻名的居延汉简。那是一批珍贵的汉代文献，发现于额济纳旗地区（黑水城遗址），存放于北京大学。沈亚明讲述了这些简牍从日占区被抢救出来，后经香港转运至美国保存的过程。沈仲章在这一系列勇敢行动中，是至关紧要的人物。
Still another case of this sort is the recovery for safekeeping of the famous Juyan wooden text strips — they had been found in the Ejina area (Qarakhoto) and were deposited with Peking University: valuable documents from the Han dynasty. Shen Yaming tells the story of how these strips were saved from the Japanese occupied territory and then via Hong Kong shipped to the USA as a deposit: Shen Zhongzhang was the main actor of this deed of daring.
【编者按】《众星何历历：沈仲章和他的朋友们》中并不包含居延汉简的故事。估计书评作者读过沈亚明另行刊发的若干单篇，比如但不限于：《沈仲章与居延汉简在北平》《沈仲章居延汉简》（《古今论衡》第28期，中央研究院历史语言研究所2015年），《居延汉简是否去过长沙》（《文汇报》2017年10月27日“文汇学人”），《沈仲章和冒险相助救国宝的老百姓》（《新民晚报》2022年7月3日“夜光杯”浓缩版，全文见沈仲章和冒险助他抢救居延汉简的老百姓 - 博客 | 文学城），《照片“由沈仲章先生经手拍摄”》（《文汇报》2022年11月16日“文汇学人”公众号），《沈仲章救运居延汉简之“箱”：从北平到天津》（《古今论衡》第39期，中央研究院历史语言研究所2022年）。
然而，在维基百科相关词条的介绍中，甚至在如今收藏居延汉简的台北中央研究院，几乎见不到沈仲章的名字。
But you will look in vain for a Wikipedia article on him or even his name mentioned in connection with the Juyan strips which are now housed at Academia Sinica in Taibei.
【编者按】现在，维基百科可见沈仲章（Chung-chang Shen）词条，可惜仍很简单。又，经海外知情者敦促，中研院网页也有所更新，承认《居延汉简·图版之部》和现资料库内全部“反体照片”都由沈仲章拍摄。可惜尚未说明，《居延汉简·图版之部》每一张图版都由沈仲章拍摄并排列，是真正作者，而列名作者仅调整了部分叶码。
难怪，在档案馆、高等学府或博物馆里，很难找到沈仲章的痕迹。即使有，恐怕也毁于内战和文革之中。所以，他的事迹主要保存在与他共事过的学者们的回忆中，沈仲章曾以文书或剧务经理的身份为这些人服务。
Small wonder then that Shen Zhongzhang did not leave many traces in archives, universities or museums. And some that did exist may not have survived the civil war and the Cultural Revolution. So, his memory was mainly kept alive in the recollections of scholars he worked with or served as an impresario or amanuensis.
而所评之书的素材，主要源自作者本人的回忆——她父亲经常给她讲故事。除了父母常给孩子讲的童话等，也不断地把人生经历的片段讲给她听。特别是当她父亲步入老年之际，更是如此。也许他觉得，有些往事不该被彻底遗忘。
The main source of the present book is the memory of the authoress — her father kept telling her episodes from his life, among the other stories that parents tell their children to entertain them, and again when he was at an advanced age and may have felt that some information on the bygone events should not vanish completely.
沈亚明记录了不少这样的回忆，并试图核实记忆中的各种史实和说法。正如刚才所言，文献寥寥无几。
Ms. Shen recorded a number of these reminiscences and later on tried to verify facts and statements but again: there were hardly any documents.
【编者按】原文以上三小段同属一个大段，汉译切分；以下另起一段——段首处理悉沿前例。
与沈仲章共事和结交者不乏外国人，其中包括一些德国人。既然书评人在德国，关注这些学者自然很合理。如今在中国最出名的，大概非卫礼贤（Richard Wilhelm）莫属，洪涛生（Vincenz Hundhausen）名气稍逊，而瑞典探险家斯文·赫定（Sven Hedin）则举世闻名。
Among C.C. Shen’s collaborators and friends were a number of foreigners, including a few German speakers, and as the present reviewer is based in Germany, it may be appropriate to focus on these scholars. Today the best known one is Richard Wilhelm (1873– 1930); Vincenz Hundhausen is less famous while the Swedish explorer Sven Hedin is a celebrity.
【编者按】书评作者对卫礼贤、洪涛生与斯文·赫定都颇有研究，刊发了多篇论文，为洪涛生出了传记专书。书评拨出不少篇幅，介绍上述三位前辈学者。本篇暂略这些内容，拟在征得原书作者与书评作者同意之后，先选摘原书相关部分，再配以书评相应段落。
…… ……
【编者按】下面，直接跳到书评结尾。为助阅读连贯，插入括号句。
（《众星何历历：沈仲章和他的朋友们》共收文十六篇，本书评聚焦最后三篇，均有关外国学者。）纵观该部分所含调查，可以推断出，沈亚明在搜寻其父的丰功伟绩方面做了大量工作。书作者把这个勤勤恳恳的无名英雄——沈仲章的真实形象，活生生地展现在读者面前。
As can be deduced from the survey of this section of the book, Ms. Shen has done enormous work in detecting references to her father’s achievements and presenting a true picture of the life and labours of this unsung hero — C.C. Shen.
而这位无名英雄的忠实女儿，在发掘父亲的事迹过程中不懈地追根溯源，甄别鉴定，其精神令人钦佩，其努力值得高度赞扬。
As a perfect example of filial piety, his daughter deserves high praise for her indefatigable and admirable efforts to uncover sources and evaluate them.
【编者按】
书评全文刊发于 Pismennye Pamiatniki Vostoka （Witten Momuments of the Orient 《东方文碑》）2024第4期。[引用格式：Walravens, Hartmut [Rev. of the book:] “Shen Yaming 沈亚明. Zhong Xing He Li Li: Shen Zhongzhang He Tade Pengyoumen 众星何历历: 沈仲章和他的朋友们 (Why are the Stars So Bright: Shen Zhongzhang and His Friends). Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2022. 464 pp.”. Pis’mennye pamiatniki Vostoka, 2024, vol. 21, no. 4 (iss. 59), pp. 141–146 (in Chinese). DOI: 10.55512/WMO6] 选摘的汉译主要由袁海旺贡献，融入多位预览者参谋，一总致谢。诚邀继续指教，先表谢意。
Pismennye Pamiatniki Vostoka （Witten Momuments of the Orient 《东方文碑》）2024第4期英文内封（局部）
【附：书评作者与主要译者简介】
魏汉茂（Hartmut Walravens）
德国汉学家、东亚和中亚研究学者、阿尔泰学家、文献研究学者和图书馆学者。魏汉茂先生的研究兴趣包括：满文语言与文献、清史、目录学、书籍与印刷史、中亚和东方学（特别是东亚和中亚研究）学术史。 1944年9月9日生于德国黑森州阿多夫（Adorf）。 1960年代先后在德国科隆大学和波昂大学追随名师如著名的满文学者福克司（Walter Fuchs, 1902-1979，二战后常用汉名福华德）和著名的古突厥文学者葛玛丽（Annemarie von Gabain, 1901-1993）等人研读东亚研究和中亚研究课程。 1970年在德国科隆大学获得汉学博士学位，导师为福克司。先后担任汉堡联邦军队学院图书馆副馆长和柏林国立图书馆负责图书馆事务的高级主管，在汉堡大学、柏林洪堡大学日本研究中心和柏林自由大学东亚系授课，曾任国际标准书号机构和国际标准乐谱号机构总干事，现任国际标准乐谱号机构主席。（《德国汉学家魏汉茂先生访谈录》摘要，《汉学研究通讯》Newsletter for Research in Chinese Studies；ISSN 0253-2875；2020/11)
袁海旺 (Haiwang Yuan)
美国西肯塔基大学荣休教授，南开大学外援和天外高级翻译学院客座教授，中国大百科全书出版社《有关中国》英文词条编译委员会委员，资深翻译家，专长英译汉，已出版数十本专著和译著。
