Amortised historical cost,11.15作为准则规定a debt instrument (such as an account, note, or loan receivable or payable) that meets the conditions in paragraph 11.9的计量基础(见11.15)。
摊余成本模型的核心目的是更真实地反映资产在其生命周期内的价值消耗,从而提高财务报表的相关性。
2.摊余成本的要素与特性
11.15 The amortised cost of a financial asset or financial liability at each reporting date is
the net of the following amounts:
(a) the amount at which the financial asset or financial liability is measured at initial
recognition;
(b) minus any repayments of the principal;
(c) plus or minus the cumulative amortisation using the effective interest method of
any difference between the amount at initial recognition and the maturity amount;
(d) minus, in the case of a financial asset, any reduction (directly or through the use
of an allowance account) for impairment or uncollectability.
Financial assets and financial liabilities that have no stated interest rate, that do not
relate to an arrangement that constitutes a financing transaction and that are classified
as current assets or current liabilities are initially measured at an undiscounted amount
in accordance with paragraph 11.13. Consequently, (c) does not apply to them.?
Note :the amortized cost,顾名思义,cost是费用,无论是a financial asset or financial liability; 实际上, 实体应,在修订日,将调整金额确认为损益中的收入或费用。The entity shall recognise the adjustment as income or expense in profit or loss at the date of revision.
摊余成本账户对应的账户,要么是asset账户,要么是liability账户。
11.15定义了摊余成本:每个报告期末,贷款的摊余成本是,如下(a)(b)(c)(d)金额的净。
难点是(c),其中 the cumulative amortisation using the effective interest method of any difference between the amount at initial recognition and the maturity amount.
对于存货,通常在出售时确认为销售成本,而不是采用摊余成本。存货,它在出售时提供了所有益处which provides all of its benefits when it is sold,同时,存货的金额结转为销售货物的成本cost of goods sold。存货,在出售前,可以确认为未来将立即消耗的资产。实体应该将消耗的存货立即费用化。
关于债务工具debt instruments that meet the conditions in paragraph 11.8(b) shall be measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. 其中,11.8(b), a debt instrument (such as an account, note, or loan receivable or payable) that meets the conditions in paragraph 11.9. 所谓债务工具,本质上,是融资工具,有利息收入或费用支出。
在公司享受资产的economical benefit的整个生命周期内,公司应在资产的价值被消耗时,取消确认derecognise该资产,即从资产负债表中删除remove该资产(例如,库存inventory),或者通过系统折旧或摊销方式(例如,PPE)按比例向下调整历史成本/购置成本。—that is, remove the asset from the balance sheet—when its value has been consumed (for example, inventory) or ratably adjust the acquisition cost downward through systematic depreciation or amortization (for example, machinery).
这类残值资产,离不开估计的因素。由于这类资产缺乏活跃市场的报价,而不得不估计。当报价不可用时,有同类或相似的资产在熟悉、有意愿的双方之间最近的交易提供公允价值的证据 when quoted prices are unavailable, a recent transaction for an identical asset (or similar asset) in an arm’s length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties provides evidence of fair value.