虽然美国已不再像过去那样以制造业为中心,但它每年仍消耗数千万吨钢材,为汽车制造、石油生产、建筑和基础设施等行业提供原料。加拿大和墨西哥分别是美国最大和第三大钢铁出口国。特朗普总统在其第一任期内,从2018年6月起对从全球大多数国家进口的钢铁征收25%的关税。但墨西哥和加拿大根据与美国达成的自由贸易协定,被免除了这些关税。根据行业贸易组织美国钢铁协会(American Iron and Steel Institute)提供的政府数据,按重量计算,加拿大目前占美国企业进口钢材的近四分之一,而墨西哥约占12%。
软木木材取材于松树、云杉、枞树和其他针叶树,因其重量轻、易加工和强度高而备受青睐。因此,它的应用领域非常广泛,但在美国住宅建筑业中却是一种重要的原料: 通常,房屋的骨架和表皮--框架、屋顶和护墙板--都由软木木材构成。而美国每年使用的木材中有30%来自加拿大。经济学家和住宅建筑商警告说,美国目前不具备满足需求的工业能力,对加拿大木材进口征税--或者更糟的是,切断进口--可能会进一步加剧当前的住房负担危机。明尼苏达州住房优先组织(Housing First Minnesota)是一个代表北星州建筑商、改建商和其他企业的行业组织,该组织的住房政策高级主管埃里克森(Nick Erickson)说:"无论是木材关税还是其他进口产品的关税,都会对供应链产生影响。“我们过去已经看到,木材关税是由新购房者在房屋成本中"。
面临关税风险的不仅仅是木材: 根据全美住宅建筑商协会(National Association of Home Builders)的数据,2023年进口的4.56亿美元石灰和石膏(用于制作干墙)中,71%来自墨西哥。全美住宅建筑商协会指出,考虑到从加拿大、墨西哥以及中国进口的其他原材料和部件(尤其是已经被征收关税的钢、铝和家用电器),特朗普的新关税可能会使进口建筑材料的成本增加30亿至40亿美元。
电子产品、玩具、家电
根据联邦贸易数据,电子消费品是美国去年从中国进口的最主要商品之一。其中包括手机、电视机、笔记本电脑、视频游戏机、显示器以及为其提供动力的所有组件。中国还是家用电器的主要供应国。这些产品以及玩具和鞋类尤其受到特朗普关税威胁的影响。美国鞋类分销商和零售商协会(Footwear Distributors & Retailers of America)的数据显示,在美国销售的鞋类产品中,99% 都是进口的,该协会是耐克(Nike)、史蒂夫-麦登(Steve Madden)、科尔-海恩(Cole Haan)和其他鞋类品牌的贸易组织。该贸易集团称,在美国销售的鞋子中,有一半以上(56%)是中国制造的。美国的玩具和体育器材也依赖中国,包括足球、橄榄球和棒球等。美国进口玩具和体育器材的75%来自中国。
Reference Link:
CNN: What Will Get More Expensive from Trump's Tariffs
Trump is a "German", the ancestor race of Anglo-Saxon. Their race is different from the Jews. This really a "silent agenda" to fight communism, internationale, and world domination by Jews. I like what trump is doing - everything is right move.
stillthere 发表评论于
The Dumbest Trade War in History
The Wall Street Journal
1 Feb 2025
President Trump will fire his first tariff salvo on Saturday against those notorious American adversaries . . . Mexico and Canada. They’ll get hit with a 25% border tax, while China, a real adversary, will endure 10%. This reminds us of the old Bernard Lewis joke that it’s risky to be America’s enemy but it can be fatal to be its friend.
Leaving China aside, Mr. Trump’s justification for this economic assault on the neighbors makes no sense. White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt says they’ve “enabled illegal drugs to pour into America.” But drugs have flowed into the U.S. for decades, and will continue to do so as long as Americans keep using them. Neither country can stop it.
Drugs may be an excuse since Mr. Trump has made clear he likes tariffs for their own sake. “We don’t need the products that they have,” Mr. Trump said on Thursday. “We have all the oil you need. We have all the trees you need, meaning the lumber.”
Mr. Trump sometimes sounds as if the U.S. shouldn’t import anything at all, that America can be a perfectly closed economy making everything at home. This is called autarky, and it isn’t the world we live in, or one that we should want to live in, as Mr. Trump may soon find out.
Take the U.S. auto industry, which is really a North American industry because supply chains in the three countries are highly integrated. In 2024 Canada supplied almost 13% of U.S. imports of auto parts and Mexico nearly 42%. Industry experts say a vehicle made on the continent goes back and forth across borders a half dozen times or more, as companies source components and add value in the most cost-effective ways.
And everyone benefits. The office of the U.S. Trade Representative says that in 2023 the industry added more than $809 billion to the U.S. economy, or about 11.2% of total U.S. manufacturing output, supporting “9.7 million direct and indirect U.S. jobs.” In 2022 the U.S. exported $75.4 billion in vehicles and parts to Canada and Mexico. That number jumped 14% in 2023 to $86.2 billion, according to the American Automotive Policy Council.
American car makers would be much less competitive without this trade. Regional integration is now an industry-wide manufacturing strategy—also employed in Japan, Korea and Europe—aimed at using a variety of highskilled and low-cost labor markets to source components, software and assembly.
The result has been that U.S. industrial capacity in autos has grown alongside an increase in imported motor vehicles, engines and parts. From 1995-2019, imports of autos, engines and parts rose 169% while U.S. industrial capacity in autos, engines and parts rose 71%.
As the Cato Institute’s Scott Lincicome puts it, the data show that “as imports go up, U.S. production goes up.” Thousands of good-paying auto jobs in Texas, Ohio, Illinois and Michigan owe their competitiveness to this ecosystem, relying heavily on suppliers in Mexico and Canada.
Tariffs will also cause mayhem in the crossborder trade in farm goods. In fiscal 2024, Mexican food exports made up about 23% of total U.S. agricultural imports while Canada supplied some 20%. Many top U.S. growers have moved to Mexico because limits on legal immigration have made it hard to find workers in the U.S. Mexico now supplies 90% of avocados sold in the U.S. Is Mr. Trump now an avocado nationalist?
Then there’s the prospect of retaliation, which Canada and Mexico have shown they know how to do for maximum political impact. In 2009 the Obama Administration and Congressional Democrats ended a pilot program that allowed Mexican long-haul truckers into the U.S. as stipulated in Nafta. Mexico responded with targeted retaliation on 90 U.S. goods to pressure industries in key Congressional districts.
These included California grapes and wine, Oregon Christmas trees and cherries, jams and jellies from Ohio and North Dakota soy. When Mr. Trump imposed steel and aluminum tariffs in 2018, Mexico got results using the same tactic, putting tariffs on steel, pork products, fresh cheese and bourbon.
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has promised to respond to U.S. tariffs on a dollar-for-dollar basis. Canada could suffer a larger GDP hit since its economy is so much smaller, but American consumers will feel the bite of higher costs for some goods.
None of this is supposed to happen under the U.S.-Mexico-Canada trade agreement that Mr. Trump negotiated and signed in his first term. The U.S. willingness to ignore its treaty obligations, even with friends, won’t make other countries eager to do deals. Maybe Mr. Trump will claim victory and pull back if he wins some token concessions. But if a North American trade war persists, it will qualify as one of the dumbest in history.