突尼斯的年轻人怎么看待ISIS的宣传呢?8,000 Young Tunisian Men Are Eager to Join
Islamic
State这篇报道认为,他们看到ISIS斩首美国人,不会认为是一个人在斩杀另一个人(违反人道的),而是认为是穆斯林在杀异教徒(符合教法的),这会激起他们作为穆斯林反抗邪恶的异教徒的热情——反美,ISIS办得到。这篇报道也淡化了高失业率对年轻人加入ISIS的影响,认为一批高学历的突尼斯人加入ISIS就可以反驳主要是高失业率促使突尼斯年轻人加入ISIS的观点。
但另一篇报道Here's Why So Many Of Tunisia's Youth Are Drawn To
ISIS指出,“教育并不昂贵,但是工作依旧很少”,说明高失业率对接受更高层次教育的突尼斯年轻人依旧有巨大冲击。另外这篇报道也指出,ISIS在突尼斯的宣传并不像上一篇报道所说的那样,充斥着斩首和屠杀,而是经过了美化,许多采访者并不相信ISIS做了斩首等血腥残暴的事情。
引人注意的是,大量欧美人口涌入暴乱地区参与ISIS。如果你不明白他们为什么参加ISIS,看了Al-Ghuraba - The
Chosen Few of Different
Lands这个英语视频就可以有所了解。这个视频画面精美,配乐深沉,传达的思想也经过精心包装,作为一个宣传视频展示的水平是极其高超的,比中宣部高到不知道哪里去。
My ISIS boyfriend: A reporter’s undercover life with a
terrorist这篇报道里,ISIS的小头目是这样诱惑网名为Melodie的女记者的:
Bilel told Melodie she could have a beautiful life, a big apartment
and lots of children.
这可以满足初涉世事的女孩子关于物质丰富的安定生活的幻想。
以及爱情的诱惑
She feels like a nobody and all of a sudden here is this man of 38,
nearly twice her age, who has had all these incredible adventures,
who is kind to her and telling her he loves her and wanting to talk
to her 1,000 times a day.
When you get here, you’ll be treated like a princess
而且这种虚荣心得到了满足Once Melodie became known as Bilel’s fiancée, she grew
into a minor celebrity among her Islamic friends on the
Internet.
再看这篇报道里的ISIS小头目。注意他对Melodie的一个要求:Melodie was to pick up some treats
for Bilel at duty-free, including after-shave. He told her he liked
Egoiste by Chanel.
“They knew very little about religion. They had hardly read a book
and they learnt jihad before religion,” she said. “They’d tell me,
‘You think with your head, we think with our hearts.’ They had a
romantic view of radicalism. I wondered how that happened.”
而再看2004年1月本拉登在半岛电视台上发表的讲话,也非常明确地批评了犹太--西方联盟的十字军(Zinoist-crusader
chain of evil)对伊拉克的占领,将西方对穆斯林世界的战争称为“宗教经济战争”(religious-economic
war),并将对这种占领的武装反抗称为“圣战”(jihad)。这份宣言与其说是宗教的,不如说是一份调动伊斯兰传统资源反对西方普遍主义的政治宣言。
有两个很有意思的细节。
一是,如果抛去血腥的故事,这个ISIS小头目的人生经历相当励志:逃脱了原有的束缚(had a series of
convictions for petty crime and jumped bail),奔向理想的事业(go to Iraq
when he was radicalized in 2000),成为最高领导的左右手(one of Baghdadi’s
right-hand men)。
二是,原本My ISIS boyfriend: A reporter’s undercover life with a
terrorist这篇文章有正规媒体的汉语译文,后来汉语译文也被删除了,百度也搜不到,只有知乎网友的翻译版本。