“模范少数族裔”标签所讲述的故事,与亚裔所经历的现实剥削和社会暴力却大相径庭。早在1869年,就有一千名亚裔工人在修建铁路的过程中丧生,然而,不仅死者没有得到任何纪念,幸存者甚至不被允许参加铁路竣工仪式(Riggs
and Edgar 2018)。
加利福尼亚州参议员米勒(John Franklin
Miller,1831-1886),曾在一次国会辩论中臭名昭著地恳求保护“美国盎格鲁撒克逊文明”,使其“不受东方文明坏疽的污染或掺假”(Gyory
1998,
224-44)。和米勒一样,成长在1860年代的大多数美国人都将美国视为完全属于白人的土地,并认为基于血统、种族的歧视是合理的。亚裔美国人没有从铁路建设中获得赞誉感谢,也没有从建设金山获得经济繁荣,反而成为本土主义者怨恨的目标。
亚裔美国人也没有像公众错误想象的那样获得较高的社会经济地位。 2010
年代,美国12.6%的亚裔生活在贫困线以下,高于美国12.4%的平均水平(“Critical Issues Facing Asian
Americans and Pacific Islanders.”
n.d.)。显然,华人并没有像“模范少数民族”一词所声称的那样获得世俗意义的成功,而是在一直以来的历史脉络中为生计持续奋斗着。
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