The English word typhoon could have originated from Persian طوفان tūfān (storm), (which is pronounced "tufoon" in the Bandari dialect of Persian, spoken on the shores of the Persian Gulf [2] from the verb tūfīdan (Persian: توفیدن/طوفیدن means "to roar", "to blow furiously"[3]) - a cyclonic storm, a cognate of Sanskrit "tanun" meaning high or agitated winds. It also appears to have contributed to the Chinese word 大風 dàfēng meaning "great wind" as spoken in southern Chinese dialects such as Hakka and Cantonese.
维基英文
Etymology
Coolie is derived from the Hindi word kuli (क़ुली).[3] The origins of the word are uncertain but it is thought to have been originally used by the Portuguese (cule) as a description of local hired labourers in India. That use may be traced back to a Gujurati tribe (the Kulī, who worked as day labourers) or perhaps to the Tamil word for a payment for work, kuli (கூலி).[3][4] An alternative etymological explanation is that the word came from the Urdu qulī (क़ुली, قلی), which itself could be from the Turkish word for slave, qul.[3] The word was used in this sense for labourers from India, China, and East Asia. In 1727 Dr. Engelbert Kämpfer described "coolies" as dock labourers who would unload Dutch merchant ships at Nagasaki in Japan.[5][6]
The Chinese word 苦 力 (pinyin: kǔlì) literally means "bitterly hard (use of) strength", in the Mandarin pronunciation. In Cantonese, the term is 咕 喱 (Jyutping: Gu lei). The word refers to an Asian slave.
