《资治通鉴》卷四 评说 (5):荀子把政治家分为四等

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原文12

卫嗣君薨,子怀君立。嗣君好察微隐,县令有发褥而席敝者,嗣君闻之,乃赐之席。令大惊,以君为神。又使人过关市,赂之以金,既而召关市,问有客过与汝金,汝回遣之,关市大恐。又爱泄姬,重如耳,而恐其因爱重以壅己也,乃贵薄疑以敌如耳,尊魏妃以偶泄姬,曰:以是相参也。

 

评说12

      卫嗣君好察人微隐,有县令给穷人被褥的,嗣君就赠送席子给他,县令大惊,认为嗣君是神人。然后让人贿赂关市,过后就招关市来巡查,令关市恐惧。嗣君爱泄姬,重用如耳,又怕泄姬和如耳侍宠放肆,就故意用薄疑来平衡如耳、用魏妃来平衡泄姬。

 

原文13

荀子论之曰:成侯、嗣君,聚敛计数之君也,未及取民也。子产,取民者也,未及为政也。管仲,为政者也,未及修礼也。故修礼者王,为政者强,取民者安,聚敛者亡。

 

评说13

      荀子把政客和政治家分为四个等次。认为嗣君之流是算计争权夺利之流,还不懂争取民心,只是政客;子产知道了争取民心但还不懂为政,只是一般的政治家;管仲知道为政还不知道修礼,是优秀的政治家;知道修礼的才是杰出的政治家。修礼者王,为政者强,取民者安,聚敛者亡。

 

      礼,在卷一评说过,就是政治制度。修礼就是政治改革。温家宝到矿井农村访贫问苦很好,比起腐败官员聚敛来好多了,但还不够好,因为这只是在取民的层次;中国大力发展经济很好,但还不够好,因为还在为政层次。中国政治还要再提高一个层次,要修礼,要政治改革。不修礼,不进行政治改革,中国就没有把握恢复其应有的国际地位。为政只是发展生产力,修礼是改革上层建筑使其顺应经济基础。如果把政治领域对应到技术领域,聚敛就是业余水平,取民就是工匠水平,为政是工程师水平,修礼是科学家水平。

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