Lesson 03 An unknown goddess 无名女神
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How did the archaeologists know that the statue was a goddess?
Some time ago, and interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses -- often three storeys high -- were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. It's missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
New words and expressions 生词和短语
goddess(tile)
n. 女神
archaeologist
n. 考古学家
Aegean
adj. 爱玲海的
explore
v. 考察，勘探
promontory
n. 海角
prosperous
adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的
civilization
n. 文明
storey
n. 楼层
drainage
n. 排水
worship
n. 祟拜
sacred
adj. 宗教的，神圣的
fragment
n. 碎片
remains
n. 遗物，遗迹，废墟
classical
adj. （希腊和罗马）古化的
reconstruct
v. 修复
rest
v. 倚放，放置
hip
n. 屁股，臀部
full-length
adj. （裙衣）拖地长的
graceful
adj. 优雅的
identity
n. 身份
参考译文
不久之前，在爱琴海的基亚岛上，考古工作者有一项有趣的发现。一个美国考古队在阿伊亚.依里尼海角的一座古城里考察了一座庙宇。这座古城肯定一度很繁荣，因为它曾享有高度的文明，房子一般有3层楼高，用石块修建。里面房间很大，墙壁装饰华丽。城里甚至还敷设了排水系统，因为在狭窄的街道底下发现了许许多多陶土制作的排水管道。
考古工作者考察的这座庙宇从公元前15世纪直到罗马时代一直是祭祀祈祷的场所。在庙中最神圣的一间殿堂里发现了15尊陶雕像的碎片。每一尊雕像代表一位女神，而且一度上过色。其中有一尊雕像，她的躯体是在公元前15世纪的历史文物中发现的，而她那身异处的脑袋却碰巧是在公元前5世纪的文物中找到的。她的脑袋一定是在古希腊罗马时代就为人所发现，并受到精心的保护。却使在当时，它也属历史悠久的珍奇之物。考古工作者把这些碎片重新拼装起来后，惊奇地发现那位女神原来是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。她身高3英尺，双手叉腰。身穿一条拖地长裙，尽管上了年纪，但体态确实优美。不过，考古工作者至今未能确定这位女神的身份。
New words and expression 生词和短语
goddess(tile) n.女神
archaeologist n.考古学家
Aegean adj.爱琴海的
Explore v.考察，勘探
-- The archaeologists are exploring the cave.
exploration n.探险 / explorer n.探险家
promontory n.海角
prosperous adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的
-- our finance is prosperous 我们的经济非常的繁荣。（Finance n.财政, 金融）
thriving adj.昌盛的，兴旺的 -- thriving business
booming adj.蓬勃的，景气的 -- a booming market繁荣的市场
flourishing adj.繁茂的，健康的
-- Those plants are flourishing. 那些植物长得茂盛。
civilization n. 文明 / civilize vt.使开化, 使文明
-- high level of civilization 高度文明
storey n.楼层 （story的变体）
drainage n.排水
worship n.v.祟拜 / respect vt.尊敬, 尊重 / admire v.赞美, 钦佩, 羡慕
-- Who do you worship in the world?
Warship n.军舰, 战船
Sacred adj.宗教的, 神圣的
-- sacred music 圣乐 / sacred promise 神圣的诺言
Holy adj. 神圣的, 圣洁的
-- a holy person. 圣洁的人 / a holy place. 神圣的地方
Solemn adj. 庄严的, 庄重的
-- a solemn face 严肃的面孔 / a solemn ceremony 隆重的仪式
Fragment n.碎片
Remains n.遗物，遗迹，废墟
Classical adj.（希腊和罗马）古文化的（即传统的）；文科的, 人文科学的
-- classical music 古典音乐 / classical education 人文科学教育
Classic adj. 第一流的, 标准的, 著名的, 典型的
-- This is the classic example of love at the first sight.
Classic n.杰作, 经典之作
-- That joke's a classic; it really is funny. "这个笑话确属一流,真是妙趣横生。"
Reconstruct v.修复 （Re --重新, 再次）
Construct vt.构造, 建造, 组织（通过装配或组合部件而构成）
-- construct a sentence / construct a broken statuary（n.雕象）
-- build a house 造建筑物 / put up a tent
construction n.建设, 建造
constructive adj.有教育意义的
constructor n.建造者, 建设者
erect vt.盖, 使竖立, 使直立（build high buildings）
-- erect a monument 建造纪念碑 / erect a clock tower 建造钟楼
setup / establish / found 建立
-- setup students' union 学生会 （union n.联盟, 协会）
-- establish a school / establish a rule 设立一条规则
-- found a country 建立一个国家
Rest v.倚放, 放置
Hip n.屁股, 臀部
Hip n. [口]在服用兴奋剂、宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人；消息灵通人士；
adj.通晓的，见闻广的
-- Mary is a real hip. 玛丽是个爱赶时髦的人。
-- The guy isn't a hip. 这家伙什么都不懂。
Joined at the hip 表示交情极厚的
-- These two are joined at the hip.
shoot from the hip 信口开河
-- Sorry, I said that I shouldn't have shot from the hip.
full-length adj.（裙衣）拖地长的, 全长的, 全身的
-- a full-length dress 拽地长裙
full-grown adj.生长完全的, 发育完全的
full time n.专职, 全部时间
graceful adj.优雅的
-- a graceful lady
elegant adj.优雅的（举止） -- an elegant gentleman. 举止文雅的绅士
identity n. 身份
ancient adj.远古的, 旧的
decorate vt.装饰；点缀
clay n.粘土, 泥土
Roman adj.罗马的, 罗马人的 n.罗马人
Rome n.罗马(意大利首都)
Indeed adv.真正地, (加强语气)确实
Text 课文
How did the archaeologists know that the statue was a goddess?
Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island
of Kea.
some time 1>经过若干时间 2>在未来的某时
sometime adv.在某一时候, 曾经, 有一天
sometimes adv.不时, 有时
中文习惯用主动语态。
英文习惯用被动语态。以事件、结果、影响、效果为主语，强调对客观事实的陈述。
An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of
Ayia Irini.
which引导定语从句，修饰限定temple。（which = that）
stand(不及物) = lie(不及物) 位于
= situate(及物) 使位于, 使处于
= locate(及物) 使...坐落于, 位于
which stands in... = which lies in… = which is located in… = which is situated in...
Stand 1 >身高 2>表示高高坐落于, 矗立于
-- She stands 1.75m. 她身高1.75米
-- A great tree stands on the mount. 一棵大树竖立在山上。
The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.
for 引导原因状语从句：对主句的附加说明和解释，提供更多的信息。
because 引导原因状语从句：强调原因。
-- The day broke for the birds were singing.
at one time 表达曾经, 一度（过去时态的标志, = once）
must have been 对过去事实肯定的推测
enjoyed a high level of civilization 享有高度文明
Houses -- often three storeys high -- were built of stone. They had large rooms with
beautifully decorated walls.
With… 具有…
-- a young man with broad shoulders / an old lady with black hair
beautifully decorated 过去分词做定语
-- a beautifully dressed lady 衣着漂亮的女士
-- a deserted car park 废弃的停车场
-- a white painted door 被刷成白色的门
现在分词做定语, 被修饰词与修饰词之间为逻辑主动关系
-- a boy climbing the tree 正在爬树的男孩
-- the students reading in the room 正在房间里读书的学生
The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found
beneath the narrow streets.
be equipped with 配备, 装备 （equip vt.装备, 配备）
air conditioning 空气调节装置 / air conditioner 空气调节机, 空调设备
-- The car was equipped with air conditioning.
for 引导原因状语从句
在正下方：Beneath = under
-- beneath the narrow streets = under the narrow streets
-- He is standing under/beneath the umbrella.
在进行中：只能用under
-- under control 控制之中 / under discussion 讨论之中 / under repairs修理之中
below 在下方（强调在斜下方）
-- She is sitting below the window
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the
fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times.
be used as / be used to be 把…用作为
-- The box was used as a desk in the small village school.
-- The wooden box was used as a bookcase.
be used to do 被用来做…
-- The wooden box is used to contain books
In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found.
Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted.
represent vt.代表
-- I represent all the classmates.
The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C.
dating 现在分词, 修饰remains
date from = date back to （开始于…, 起始于…）
-- The custom dating from 1990. （custom n.习惯, 风俗）
-- The tradition dates from the time when his grandfather was young.
-- The castle dates from the 14th century. = The castle dates back to the 14th century.
城堡建造于14世纪
Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.
happen to 偶然, 碰巧（强调事情的偶然发生）
-- I happen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰巧开过那种车。
-- He happened to find the ticket in his pocket.
It happens that +从句
-- It happened that I met her on my way to work.
= I happened to meet her on my way work.
happen on 碰巧碰上
-- I happened on this old picture in the back of the drawer.
我偶然的在抽屉的背面发现了这张旧照片。
-- Guess, who did I happen on while I was in London last month?
This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved.
It was very old and precious even then.
When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the
goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.
Reconstruct = put together, piece together, restore（vt.恢复, 使回复）
Amazed = very much surprised
surprised > astonished > amazed > astounded 感到惊讶（语气递增）
to find... / to discover... / to realize... / to see…
-- I'm not surprised to see you here
1> turn out…（表示结果）结果是, 原来是 （= prove, 都表示系动词）
turn out (to be)+ n./adj.
-- The concert turned out to be a failure.
-- Our party turned out (to be) a success. 我们的聚会非常的成功。
2> It turned out + that从句 （it作形式主语）
It turned out +其它名词从句
-- It turned out that the diamonds had been in the bank all the time.
原来钻石一直都在银行里保存着。
-- It turned out that his statement was false. 原来他的话是假的。
3> as it turns out… 后来人们发现…
-- As it turned out, there was no need to worry. 后来人们发现, 没有必要担心。
-- As it turned out, the report was mistaken. 后来人们发现, 报告被弄错了
She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.
rest on v.被搁在, 停留在, 信赖
= depend on（依靠, 依赖）/ lean on（靠着）
-- His hand rested lightly on my shoulder
She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground.
which swept the ground 近一步说明拖地的，拽地的
Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been
unable to discover her identity.
But, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
= It is still a problem for the archaeologists up to now.
Despite = in spite of （两者都是介词），后面+ 名词/动名词
so far, up to now 完成时的标志
discover her identity = find out her identity
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1... D 'Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.'
2... D be employed in 被应用在...方面
this is confirmed by the fact that 引导同位语从句，补充说明fact的内容
3... A in doing sth 在...方面
4... D prosperity n.繁荣（不可数）
know 1>知道, 认识
2>（文学用语）经历过, 曾经有过（= experience, 比experience更加正式）
-- He knew poverty in his early days. 他早年有过痛苦的经历
5... B since：自从 （主干的时态为现在完成时）
6... C
to one's surprise 使某人感到惊讶的是
在句中可做独立的状语, 句子的主语不必是某个人
-- To my great disappointment the train had already left
with surprise 惊讶地 （With satisfaction/delight/dismay）
必须与行为动词连用, 句子的主语必须是某个人
-- He smoked his last cigarette with satisfaction.
-- He went home with dismay.
-- To our dismay the party proved to be a failure.
7... B despite = in spite of (可以和名词、代词、动名词搭配)
8… B so far：现在完成时的标志
如果用possible/impossible, 就要采用形势主语it
-- So far, it has been impossible for the archaeologists to discover her identity.
9... A Holy adj. 神圣的, 圣洁的
religious 宗教的 / frightening 令人害怕的 / colourful 丰富多彩的
10... D in good condition情况良好 = in good state
well done 侧重强调做得好
conserve vt.保存, 保藏 （= keep from being wasted, damaged, lost, destroyed）
“不用尽或耗尽某物，保留”
-- Conserve your energy you needed. （energy n.精力, 精神）
你该养精蓄锐，你回用得上的。
-- We must conserve our forest.
maintain vt.维持, 维修 -- 通过修缮保养, 不使...破损（强调动作的过程）
11... B turn out = prove, 都表示系动词
resolve vt,vi决定 vt.(使)分解, 溶解
-- He resolved on going out. 他决定出去。
12... B
so far = until now, up till now
beforehand (adv.预先) = in advance (adv.预先)
at this distance of/in time 时隔已久
-- I can hardly remember him at this distance of time. 时隔这么久, 我几乎想不起来他了。
