今天中午,我有幸聆听了Vivien Spitz女士的讲座“Doctors from Hell”( 注:我将之简译为“来自地狱的医生们”)。
1946年,年仅21岁的Spitz女士作为最年轻的法庭记者亲自经历和报道了著名的纽伦堡战犯审判(Nuremberg War Crimes Trials)。大多数人都知道这个对世界二战中德国纳粹战犯的审判。第二年,Spitz女士作为6名法庭记者之一被选为经历和报道了对23名纳粹医生的审判(Trial of Twenty-Three)。二个审判,尤其是比较鲜为人知的对23名纳粹医生的审判,影响了Spitz女士的一生。她的同名著作《Doctors from Hell》记载了这些纳粹医生对人类犯下的令人发指、令人毛骨耸然、和令人心碎的罪行。受害者中大多数是犹太人,另外还有纳粹医生们认为的劣等民族吉普赛人,以及他们认为不配活在这个世界上的身体和精神残疾人。Spitz女士在讲座中描述的事实和展示的图片敲打着我的心,有些图片令我流泪,有些图片令我不寒而栗。
在此,我不详细介绍Spitz女士在讲座和著作中所描述的。感兴趣的朋友们可以在网上查询或者购买她的著作了解详情。我要与朋友们分享的是她讲座中令我思考的三句话。这三句话的大意分别为:(1)二战中德国纳粹所作所为不仅仅是关于善与恶,而且是关于人们无视邪恶(indifference to evil)的教训;(2)当我们对邪恶熟视无睹时,我们就是在鼓励邪恶;(3)我们应该饶恕二战中德国的所作所为,但不应该忘记这些所作所为。如果人类忘记或者不承认二战中发生的这些罪恶,我们将容易重复犯类似的罪行。
附:Here are the Twenty-three names as taken from The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich by Louis L. Snyder (下载于网络)
The Indictments Were on Four Charges: 1) Common Design or Conspiracy; 2) War Crimes; 3) Crimes Against Humanity; 4) Membership in Criminal Organizations.
Name; Sentence 1) Becker-Freysing, Hermann ; 20 years 2) Beigelbock, Wilhelm ; 15 years 3) Blome, Kurt; Acquitted 4) Brack, Victor; Death 5) Brandt, Karl; Death 6) Brandt, Rudolf; Death 7) Fischner, Fritz; Life in prison 8) Gebhardt, Karl; Death 9) Genzken, Karl; Life in prison 10) Handloser, Siegfried; Life in prison 11) Hoven, Waldemar; Death 12) Mrugowsky, Joachim; Death 13) Oberheuser, Herta; 20 years 14) Pokorny, Adolf; Acquitted 15) Poppendick, Helmut; 10 years 16) Romberg, Hans Wolfgang; Acquitted 17) Rose, Gerhart; Life in prison 18) Rostock, Paul; Acquitted 19) Ruff, Siegfried; Acquitted 20) Schafer, Konrad; Acquitted 21) Schroder, Oskar; Life in prison 22) Sievers, Wolfram; Death 23) Welz, Georg August; Acquitted
Only 23 of the Nazi Doctors were put on trial and 7 of those were acquitted. Even the doctors that were sent to prison did not serve their full time.