Of Trave By Francis Bacon Travel, in the younger sort, is a part of education, in the elder, a part of experience.
He that travelleth into a country, before he hath some entrance into the language, goeth to school, and not to travel. That young men travel under some tutor, or grave servant, I allow well; so that he be such a one that hath the language, and hath been in the country before; whereby he may be able to tell them what things are worthy to be seen, in the country where they go; what acquaintances they are to seek; what exercises, or discipline, the place yieldeth.
For else, young men shall go hooded, and look abroad little. It is a strange thing, that in sea voyages, where there is nothing to be seen, but sky and sea, men should make diaries; but in land-travel, wherein so much is to be observed, for the most part they omit it; as if chance were fitter to be registered, than observation. Let diaries, therefore, be brought in use.
The things to be seen and observed are: the courts of princes, especially when they give audience to ambassadors; the courts of justice, while they sit and hear causes; and so of consistories ecclesiastic; the churches and monasteries, with the monuments which are therein extant; the walls and fortifications of cities, and towns, and so the heavens and harbors; antiquities and ruins; libraries; colleges, disputations, and lectures, where any are; shipping and navies; houses and gardens of state and pleasure, near great cities; armories; arsenals; magazines; exchanges; burses; warehouses; exercises of horsemanship, fencing, training of soldiers, and the like; comedies, such whereunto the better sort of persons do resort; treasuries of jewels and robes; cabinets and rarities; and, to conclude, whatsoever is memorable, in the places where they go. After all which, the tutors, or servants, ought to make diligent inquiry. As for triumphs, masks, feasts, weddings, funerals, capital executions, and such shows, men need not to be put in mind of them; yet are they not to be neglected. If you will have a young man to put his travel into a little room, and in short time to gather much, this you must do. First, as was said, he must have some entrance into the language before he goeth. Then he must have such a servant, or tutor, as knoweth the country, as was likewise said. Let him carry with him also, some card or book, describing the country where he travelleth; which will be a good key to his inquiry. Let him keep also a diary. Let him not stay long, in one city or town; more or less as the place deserveth, but not long; nay, when he stayeth in one city or town, let him change his lodging from one end and part of the town, to another; which is a great adamant of acquaintance. Let him sequester himself, from the company of his countrymen, and diet in such places, where there is good company of the nation where he travelleth. Let him, upon his removes from one place to another, procure recommendation to some person of quality, residing in the place whither he removeth; that he may use his favor, in those things he desireth to see or know. Thus he may abridge his travel, with much profit.
When a traveller returneth home, let him not leave the countries, where he hath travelled, altogether behind him; but maintain a correspondence by letters, with those of his acquaintance. which are of most worth. And let his travel appear rather in his discourse, than his apparel or gesture; and in his discourse, let him be rather advised in his answers, than forward to tell stories; and let it appear that he doth not change his country manners, for those of foreign parts; but only prick in some flowers, of that he hath learned abroad, into the customs of his own country.
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论旅行 作者：培根 翻译：何新 对于年轻人，旅游是一种学习的方式；而对于成年人，旅游则构成一种经验。
当你想到某国去旅行时，首先应学习一点该国的语言。假如一个年轻人在旅行中，身边带上一个了解别国语言和风情的向导，那对他将是大有助益的。否则，他就可能像只蒙着头的鹰，到处乱撞，却很难说看到什么了。
在海上旅行时，尽管除了天就是海，航海家却总要写航行日志。而在陆地上，尽管有许多层出不穷的新奇事物，人们却常常忽略写日记。这是很奇怪的，难道一览无余的东西倒比应该认真观察的东西更值得记录吗？照理说来，在旅行中，日记是应该坚持写的。
在旅行一地时，要注意观察下列事物：政治与外交，法律与实施情况，宗教、教堂与寺庙，城堡、港口与交通，文物与古迹，文化设施如图书馆，学校、会议、演说（如果碰上的话），船舶与舰队，雄伟的建筑与优美的公园，军事设施与兵工厂，经济设施，体育，甚至骑术、剑术、体操，等等，以及剧院，艺术品和工艺品之类。总之，留心观察一切值得长久记忆的事物，并且访问一切能在这些方面给你以新知识的老师或人们。相对而言，有些典礼、闹剧、宴会、红白喜事等热闹一时的场面，倒不必过于认真，当然也不应忽略不顾。如果一个年轻人想通过一次短促的旅行迅速得到一些知识的话，以上所谈的方法是可以借鉴的。为了达到这一目的，他必须通晓所去国的语言，还要找一个熟悉国情的向导，带上介绍该国情况的书籍、地图，坚持写日记。在每一地逗留时间的长短，要根据提供知识的价值来决定，但最好不要耽留过久。在一地住下时，如果可能，最好能经常换住所，以便更广泛地接触社会。
在旅行结束回到故乡后，不要立刻就把已去过的异国丢到脑后，而应当继续与那些新结交的友人们保持通信。还应当注意，归国后不要改头换面打扮出一身异国装束。在人们问及旅行情况时，最好只作为一个答问者而不要做一个夸耀者。不要使自己在别人眼中成为一个出了一次国就忘记祖先风俗的人，而应当做一个善于把别国的优良事物移栽到本国土壤上的改良者。 
Rebecca Lin 2008 Summer In USA/> |
