奥地利作曲家 : 安东 .韦伯恩( Anton von Webern 1883 -1945 )




A. WEBERN - PASSACAGLIA Op. 1



简介

  安东 · 冯 · 韦伯恩( Anton von Webern,1883 年 12 月 3 日 -1945 年 9 月 15 日):奥地利作曲家,新维也纳乐派代表人物之一。 1883 年 12 月 3 日出生于维也纳, 1902 年入维也纳大学学习音乐学, 1904 年起师从于勋伯格,与勋伯格、贝尔格组成新维也纳乐派(或称第二维也纳乐派)。

韦伯恩创作上分三个阶段

  第一阶段,晚期浪漫主义音乐:创作风格受古斯塔夫 ? 马勒等晚期浪漫主义作曲家的影响,主要作品 Op.1 帕萨卡里亚舞曲。

  第二阶段,自由无调式音乐:在其老师勋伯格的影响下创作了大量无调式音乐,作品的规模越来越小,在配器上简洁的不能再简洁,同时韦伯恩的创作开始使用音色序列法,即音色组合在不停地变换中,一个音色组合一般只持续 1 、 2 秒。主要作品 Op.21 交响曲。

  第三阶段,十二音音乐 : 这一时期韦伯恩除使用十二音作曲技法创作外,还进行了点描主义音乐的尝试, Op.27 钢琴变奏曲就是这一时期的代表作。

人物生平

  由于韦伯恩被纳粹分子看成是 “ 一个无法容忍的人 ” ,他的音乐也被看成是 “ 堕落的艺术 ” ,所以在纳粹占领奥地利期间,不得不过隐居生活。可笑的是,这位纳粹深恶痛绝的作曲家却死在盟军的枪口下。 1945 年,他前往萨尔茨堡看望女儿、女婿,在户外吸烟时,莫名其妙的被一美国士兵枪杀 , 走完了他伟大而荒诞的一生。

  更可悲可笑的是,生前受尽贫寒和冷嘲的他,死后却成为了 20 世纪音乐革命的丰碑 .......

  韦伯恩的影响越来越大。他的许多尝试被后来的作曲家进一步发展,音色序列法被法国作曲家兼指挥家皮埃尔 · 布莱兹发展为总体序列主义音乐;点描主义音乐首次将无声视为一种音响与有声取得相同的地位,极大的启发了约翰 · 凯奇、卡尔海因茨 · 施托克豪森等作曲家 ....... 最后,被人世间养得白白胖胖的后现代音乐大师们冠以后现代音乐 “ 启示录 ” 的桂冠,风头一度超过在美国领养老金的勋伯格 ......

  就个人而言,韦伯恩的音乐是一种呐喊,是对这个荒诞世界的控诉与嘲讽 ......

  加谬说 “ 西西弗斯告诉我们,最高的虔诚是否认诸神并且搬掉石头。他也认为自己是幸福的。这个从此没有主宰的世界对他来讲既不是荒漠,也不是沃土。这块巨石上的每一颗粒,这黑黝黝的高山上的每一颗矿砂唯有对西西弗斯才形成一个世界。他爬上山顶所要进行的斗争本身就足以使一个人心里感到充实。应该认为,西西弗斯是幸福的。 ” 安东 · 冯 · 韦伯恩就是那个西西弗斯。



Works with opus numbers

The works with opus numbers are the ones that Webern saw fit to have published in his own lifetime, plus a few late works published after his death. They constitute the main body of his work, although several pieces of juvenilia and a few mature pieces that do not have opus numbers are occasionally performed today.

  • Op. 1, Passacaglia for orchestra (1908)
  • Op. 2, Entflieht auf leichten Kähnen for a-cappella choir, on a poem by Stefan George (1908)
  • Op. 3, Fünf Lieder (Five Songs) for voice and piano, on Der Siebente Ring by Stefan George (1907–08)
  • Op. 4, Fünf Lieder for voice and piano, poems by Stefan George (1908–09)
  • Op. 5, Five Movements for string quartet (1909); version for string orchestra (1929)
  • Op. 6, Six Pieces for large orchestra (1909–10, revised 1928)
  • Op. 7, Four Pieces for violin and piano (1910)
  • Op. 8, Zwei Lieder (Two Songs) for voice and 8 instruments, on poems by Rainer Maria Rilke (1910)
  • Op. 9, Six Bagatelles for string quartet (1913)
  • Op. 10, Five Pieces for orchestra (1911–13)
  • Op. 11, Three Little Pieces for cello and piano (1914)
  • Op. 12, Vier Lieder (Four Songs) for voice and piano (1915–17)
  • Op. 13, Vier Lieder for voice and orchestra (1914–18)
  • Op. 14, Sechs Lieder (Six Songs) for voice, clarinet, bass clarinet, violin and cello on poems by Georg Trakl (1917–21)
  • Op. 15, Five Sacred Songs for voice and small ensemble (1917–22)
  • Op. 16, Five Canons for high soprano, clarinet and bass clarinet (1923–24)
  • Op. 17, Three Traditional Rhymes for voice, violin (doubling viola), clarinet and bass clarinet(1924)
  • Op. 18, Drei Lieder (Three Songs) for voice, E-flat clarinet and guitar (1925)
  • Op. 19, Zwei Lieder, for mixed choir, celesta, guitar, violin, clarinet and bass clarinet, on poems by Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1926)
  • Op. 20, String Trio (1927)
  • Op. 21, Symphony (1928)
  • Op. 22, Quartet for violin, clarinet, tenor saxophone and piano (1930)
  • Op. 23, Drei Lieder for voice and piano, on Hildegard Jone's Viae inviae (1934)
  • Op. 24, Concerto for 9 instruments (1934)
  • Op. 25, Drei Lieder for voice and piano, on poems by Hildegard Jone (1934–35)
  • Op. 26, Das Augenlicht for mixed choir and orchestra, on a poem by Hildegard Jone (1935)
  • Op. 27, Variations for piano (1936)
  • Op. 28, String Quartet (1937–38)
  • Op. 29, Cantata No. 1 for soprano, mixed choir and orchestra, on a poem by Hildegard Jone (1938–39)
  • Op. 30, Variations for orchestra (1940)
  • Op. 31, Cantata No. 2 for soprano, bass, choir and orchestra, on a poem by Hildegard Jone (1941–43)
Works without opus numbers
  • Two Pieces for cello and piano (1899)
  • Three Poems for voice and piano (1899–1902)
  • Eight Early Songs for voice and piano (1901–03)
  • Three Songs after Ferdinand Avenarius (1903–04)
  • Im Sommerwind, idyl for large orchestra after a poem by Bruno Wille (1904)
  • Langsamer Satz (Slow Movement) for string quartet (1905)
  • String Quartet (1905)
  • Piece for piano (1906)
  • Rondo for piano (1906)
  • Rondo for string quartet (1906)
  • Five Songs after Richar Dehmel (1906–08)
  • Piano Quintet (1907)
  • Four Songs after Stefan George (1908–09)
  • Five Pieces for orchestra (1913) - related to op. 10, first pub. 1971, edited by Friedrich Cerha
  • Three Songs for voice and orchestra (1913–14)
  • Cello Sonata (1914)
  • Piece for children for piano (1924)
  • Piece for piano, in the tempo of a minuet (1925)
  • Piece for string trio (1925)
Arrangements
  • "Thränenregen", "Ihr Bild", Romance [from Rosamunde], "Der Wegweiser", and "Du bist die Ruh’", by Franz Schubert, arranged for voice and orchestra (1903)
  • Schatzwalzer by Johann Strauss II for string quartet, harmonium, and piano (1921)
  • Chamber Symphony No. 1, op. 9, by Arnold Schoenberg, arranged for flute (or violin), clarinet (or viola), piano, violin, and cello (1922–23)
  • Arbeiterchor by Franz Liszt, arranged for bass solo, chorus, and orchestra (1924)
  • Deutsche Tänze (German Dances) by Schubert (1824), orchestrated by Webern (1931)
  • Fuga (Ricercata) a 6 voci [Fugue No. 2] from Johann Sebastian Bach's "Musical Offering", orchestrated (1934–35)

    (from baidu and wiki)



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