犯罪心理学科普之一:心理动力结构

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犯罪动机是驱使犯罪人实施犯罪行为的内心起因。它是在外界诱因的刺激下和主体不能以社会规范抑制其强烈、畸变需要的基础上产生的。犯罪动机是在罪犯心理活动基础上产生的,是犯罪行为的直接动力。犯罪心理学上将这种心理过程称为心理动力结构。

心理的动力结构是心理活动的核心。罪犯是独立的个人,不同个体本质不同。主要体现在其所具有的个性倾向性所包含的社会心理内容的差异上。但是有两个最主要的心理动力结构决定了犯罪动机的生成。

 (一)反社会意识

 所谓反社会意识,就是与现行的国家制度、思想体系相背离,与正常的 社会生活相对立,以损害公众利益满足一己私利的价值取向为核心的各种 错误观念。具体表现为错误的社会态度、社会动机和对社会秩序、社 会规范的否定与蔑视,它是个体实施犯罪行为的精神支柱。反社会意识对 个体不良欲求起着定向作用,对犯罪动机起着促进和加固作用,对犯罪行为 起着支配作用。

 (二)强烈的、畸变的需要

 需要是形成动机的内在动力,动机是需要的现实表现。犯罪人的需要, 突出表现在其对需要强烈程度的失控和需要的满足方式与社会规范的对立 两个方面。强烈的、畸变的需要是犯罪行为的内在驱动力,主要表现在强烈 的物质占有欲和挥霍享受欲;畸变的性欲;不健康的、畸形的心理需要;错误的精神需要( 如封建迷信以及权位欲、支配欲、领袖欲 )等。

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