「唉,又到了摆事实的时候了──不过不会讲道理;别说,我是费了半天劲(50篇)。大家如果有兴趣,翻翻2016大选文章。」
【3】拉美裔:拉美裔大多指来自拉丁美洲的非白人(土生美洲人),如克鲁斯(Ted Cruz)的例子,祖籍虽是古巴,是白人,也分成白人(而非拉美裔)。
内容:
现状
大趋势
美国社会的态度
拉美裔公民
对经济社会的影响;人口
思考
现状
非法移民不仅仅来自拉美,但华裔关心的是拉美(中东穆斯林来的是合法移民,而不是非法),据【皮尤7】总的非法移民人数是:
然而美国社会上争论的“一千一百万非法移民方案”确实包括所有非法移民。
就最大的来源,墨西哥,【皮尤8】:
略微过半。
【皮尤9】,如上图,2007-2008美国世界经济大危机以来来自其它国家非法移民再升,而来自墨西哥的人口再降:
很多都是老油子了【皮尤11】:
被政府逮捕的非法移民人数,非墨西哥人首次超越墨西哥人【皮尤8】:
有孩子的【皮尤16】:
尽管这个数目大增,但总体逮捕到的墨西哥非法移民大降,【皮尤7】:
墨西哥非法移民的人数比例也稳定:
一般认为是美国世界经济大危机的结果,大家找不到工作。
灾区图【皮尤5】:
大家最担心的,也许觉得最不公平的,是非法移民在美国生下的子女,自动成为美国公民,【皮尤6】:
我粗略估计了一下,1980年以来年均二十万,到现在是五百万(这不是拉美裔非法移民的子女,而是所有非法移民的),比美国华裔还多,占美国人口1.4%左右,然而因为非法移民生得多,下一代占的比例大幅提高,而这些第一代最能感受到父母的坚信,政治倾向很明确,成了华裔大骂的主要目标:变天了。
然而美国人,包括白人,虽然觉得有争议,但不觉得是个问题【皮尤23】:
遣返【皮尤18】:
然而大家开始抱怨奥巴马的“新政”《合众社》【28】:“The Obama administration deported fewer immigrants over the past 12 months (2015) than at any time since 2006, according to government figures obtained by The Associated Press.”
大趋势
【皮尤12】:
俗话说,“抵抗是徒劳的。”
【皮尤14】:
美国社会的态度
主流支持【皮尤22】:
【盖勒普23】:
但党派之分较大【皮尤21】
拉美裔公民
这是个现实。
【皮尤13】:
【皮尤19】:
两千八百万有投票权的拉美裔公民,很年轻。
ola grande ESTÁ aquí: Bush lost latinos by 1 million in 04, McCain by 4 mil "08, Romney by 5.5 mil '12, Trump will lose by over 7 million.
— Matthew Dowd (@matthewjdowd) November 5, 2016
even if Trump gets the exact % of votes of whites, blacks & Asians as Bush in 2004, Trump would lose by 3 million votes due to Latinos.
— Matthew Dowd (@matthewjdowd) November 5, 2016
【皮尤20】(2012):拉美裔投票人数到2030年将翻番。这是为何共和党正在自己给自己掘坟的原因。
《狐狸新闻拉美裔台24》,《洛杉矶时报25》都报道今年拉美裔投票将创纪录(一千六百万),这是克林顿至胜的关键之一,虽然《留声机26》大部分都废了(因为在加州、德克萨斯,没用),但在佛罗里达和内华达足以扭转局势,而波多黎各的灾难也在佛罗里达帮了克林顿大忙《留声机27》。
对经济社会的影响;人口
对人口的影响主要在于在白人自己不愿意生的情况下保持了人口年轻化,对一个国家的经济实力和发展是个最关键的因素。当然合法移民最好,但非法移民是个现实,不过这是句插话。
治安;非法移民和贩毒吸毒
大致的影响甚微,不过美国人还有有担忧【《路透社》46】。
非法移民带来的经济增长是否能抵偿政府福利负担?
左媒【美国公共电视台(PBS)前沿纪录片摄制组32】,【《国会山》(2014)33】,【《时报周刊》34】,【《美国新闻》(2016)35】,【《赫芬顿邮报》(2015)36】,【《美国进步研究中心》45】列举的“非法移民合法化”的论点主要是:
(1)让美国经济更大,简单,人口多了;(2)非法移民填补的美国经济劳工缺陷的方面,抢走的职位大多是美国不愿意干的。这是实话,即使是最悲惨的美国蓝领也不愿意干脏活累活。这情形已经跟美国经济交融在一体了,如【47】《华尔街日报》47】介绍的,反非法移民高涨的亚利桑那没了非法移民还不知道咋办;(3)非法移民也交税,弥补了政府救济;(4)合法化因为让非法移民正正当当融入社会,会给国家每年减轻六千亿美元($600B)的负担;(5)对国家社保负担不大(社保、医保),国会预算办也说影响不大;(6)对工资压力甚微。布鲁金斯学会甚至说会让大家工资上升。
说法是非法移民没那么糟糕,合法化坏处没那么多,好处不少。
不过我觉得说服力不大。的的确确人口多了,经济体就大了,经济实力增加了,国家也更“强盛”了。但是老百姓日子好了吗?真的没负担吗?这是反对非法移民和反对合法化的阵营的主要论点,也是淳朴(Donald Trump)最有力的口号之一。“合法化因为让非法移民正正当当融入社会,会给国家每年减轻六千亿美元的负担”本身就明示了“有负担”。
反对阵营的观点有【《移民研究中心》(2013)40】,【《移民研究中心》41】,【《美国传统基金会》42】,【《草街日报》48】,【《移民改革联盟》49】,我给你列举些。
Illegal immigration costs U.S. taxpayers about $113 billion a year at the federal, state and local level. The bulk of the costs — some $84 billion — are absorbed by state and local governments.
The annual outlay that illegal aliens cost U.S. taxpayers is an average amount per native-headed household of $1,117. The fiscal impact per household varies considerably because the greatest share of the burden falls on state and local taxpayers whose burden depends on the size of the illegal alien population in that locality
Education for the children of illegal aliens constitutes the single largest cost to taxpayers, at an annual price tag of nearly $52 billion. Nearly all of those costs are absorbed by state and local governments
At the federal level, about one-third of outlays are matched by tax collections from illegal aliens. At the state and local level, an average of less than 5 percent of the public costs associated with illegal immigration is recouped through taxes collected from illegal aliens
Most illegal aliens do not pay income taxes. Among those who do, much of the revenues collected are refunded to the illegal aliens when they file tax returns. Many are also claiming tax credits resulting in payments from the U.S. Treasury
以及
Households headed by illegal aliens imposed more than $26.3 billion in costs on the federal government in 2002 and paid only $16 billion in taxes, creating a net fiscal deficit of almost $10.4 billion, or $2,700 per illegal household
Among the largest costs are Medicaid ($2.5 billion); treatment for the uninsured ($2.2 billion); food assistance programs such as food stamps, WIC, and free school lunches ($1.9 billion); the federal prison and court systems ($1.6 billion); and federal aid to schools ($1.4 billion)
With nearly two-thirds of illegal aliens lacking a high school degree, the primary reason they create a fiscal deficit is their low education levels and resulting low incomes and tax payments, not their legal status or heavy use of most social services
On average, the costs that illegal households impose on federal coffers are less than half that of other households, but their tax payments are only one-fourth that of other households
Many of the costs associated with illegals are due to their American-born children, who are awarded U.S. citizenship at birth. Thus, greater efforts at barring illegals from federal programs will not reduce costs because their citizen children can continue to access them
If illegal aliens were given amnesty and began to pay taxes and use services like households headed by legal immigrants with the same education levels, the estimated annual net fiscal deficit would increase from $2,700 per household to nearly $7,700, for a total net cost of $29 billion
Costs increase dramatically because unskilled immigrants with legal status -- what most illegal aliens would become -- can access government programs, but still tend to make very modest tax payments
Although legalization would increase average tax payments by 77 percent, average costs would rise by 118 percent
The fact that legal immigrants with few years of schooling are a large fiscal drain does not mean that legal immigrants overall are a net drain -- many legal immigrants are highly skilled
The vast majority of illegals hold jobs. Thus the fiscal deficit they create for the federal government is not the result of an unwillingness to work
(知道大家不会花时间阅读,不过你如果碰巧想了解了解,【《财富杂志》44】是个简要地总结。)
说法是真正的负担实在地方政府医疗和教育上,非法移民的贡献远远不足弥补大家的负担,每年达1130亿,也就是说美国人民确实贴钱养着这些非法移民。
是否有水分,我见不到反击的。
思考
没有非法移民最好(如上所示,过几十年后亚洲,而非拉美,将是美国移民第一大来源),不过一大堆,是个既成事实,不服也无奈,你要是不愿意面对现实,到天堂去。
你把他们都赶走?且不说实际上很难实行,一次性救济打击巨大,美国得花一代人的时间调整过来(美国经济也比中国更小了),至少很多人在美国有子女,都是美国公民,子女没法帮非法父母转身份,但子女是不能动的,将过千万的人家拆散,没有一个国家下得了手,中国也不会。
连淳朴也没说吧他们赶回去。
既然如此,还不如面对现实,把这帮人融入社会,既消除了社会冲突的一个因素,让不少人家庭团聚,还能保持经济增长的动力,但是白人永远至上的地位,就得变了。
就是你那些非法移民的噩梦。
再提提那句俗话说,“抵抗是徒劳的。”
【资料】
【1】亚裔要当民主党
【皮尤民调】
【12】Modern Immigration Wave Brings 59 Million to U.S., Driving Population Growth and Change Through 2065
【28】《合众社》(2015年10月)Fewer Immigrants Sent Home: Obama administration deports fewer immigrants during past 12 months than at any time since 2006
【29】《华盛顿邮报》(2014)7 charts that explain the undocumented immigrant population
【30】《纽约时报》(2013)The Face of America’s Illegal Immigration
【31】《纽约时报》(2013)Do Illegal Immigrants Actually Hurt the U.S. Economy?
【32】美国公共电视台(PBS)前沿纪录片摄制组(Frontline)(2015)America’s Immigration Battle By the Numbers
【33】《国会山》(2014)Illegal immigrants benefit the U.S. economy
【35】《美国新闻》(2016)'Undocumented' Immigrants Pay Billions in Taxes
【37】《宪法教育基金(Constitutional Rights Foundation)》Unauthorized Immigration and the U.S. Economy
【39】《移民政策研究所》Frequently Requested Statistics on Immigrants and Immigration in the United States「中立/偏左」
【40】《移民研究中心》(2013)The Fiscal and Economic Impact of Immigration on the United States「移民研究中心(Center for Immigration Studies)是移民改革联盟(Federation for American Immigration Reform,见下)分出来的子机构,都是保守反非法移民的智库。」
【41】《移民研究中心》The High Cost of Cheap Labor
【45】《美国进步研究中心(Center for American Progress,克林顿智库) 》National and State-by-State Economic Benefits of Immigration Reform
【47】《华尔街日报》The Thorny Economics of Illegal Immigration
【48】《草街日报》Sorry, But Illegal Aliens Cost The U.S. Plenty「此报纸是投资商务日本(Investor's Business Daily,IBD,是《华尔街日报》相仿的投资经济商务报刊,竞争对手,但小很多,比《华尔街日报》保守。人称华尔街为“花街”,我也开个玩笑,戏称此报为“草街”。)」
【50】《赫芬顿邮报》Our Moment (“Nuestro Momento”)...