N+1次论格物致知

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《大学》说欲明明德于天下者,先治其国,欲治其国者。。。。,致知在格物。物格而后知致,知致而后意诚。。。。而后天下平。

后代儒家从这段话抽出修齐治平的根本,就是格物致知。

格物怎么能致知?

先要看什么是知。知不是作为具体内容的知识(比如梨子甜杏子酸,或者地心引力导致苹果下落,具体知识从来不是中国古人的追求目标),而是知的能力,即所谓本心或者良知。人人都有这个能力,但是囿于见闻思考的遮蔽,多数人无法体验这个能力的整体(致其知)。

怎么办才能体验到整体呢?

就是格物。

格物又是什么东西?

先看物,王阳明初习格物,一样一样的格,格得吐血也没格明白,因为方向错了。朱熙也格,他说是格除物欲,沾一点儿边,但是太容易误导,让人以为是要清心寡欲。

其实物即不是一样一样的个体事物,也不是对物的欲求,而是整体的物事关系,一切存在的整体。为什么呢?又需要看格。

格,就是分类归位。但是格物不是给事物分类,也不是把物或者物欲格除掉,而是以物观物,分清心与物(或知与物)的关系。能分清心与物的关系,格物只需要看存在的整体的合理性,是顺是逆,有欲无欲,如何分类都没有关系。比如职位升迁的机会,得到是天命,没得到也是天命。一口美食,想吃是物,不想吃也是物,吃到了是物,吃不到还是物不论怎样都以天命整体观之,这就是格物了。不需要特别地克制,也不需要仔细地分析东西是什么或者欲望是如何升起的。只要明白无论有何种经历心(知)于其中不受影响,就是格物。

搞清楚物的本质、格物的原理与方法,就不受现象影响了。不受现象影响就明白知或者心的本体了。这就是格物致知。格物致知了,自然有定静安虑得,心旷神怡舒服自在。

 

 

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