孟子.告子上5:孟季子问公都子曰

夏学,就是中华民族古老的智慧。在物质极其丰富,科技发达的今天,人最缺乏的是信仰和真正的生命智慧。而以易经为核心的华夏生命哲学,正好可以用来添补空虚的心灵,给人智慧和力量。
打印 被阅读次数

孟子.告子上5:孟季子问公都子曰

原文:

孟季子问公都子曰:“何以谓义内也?”曰:“行吾敬,故谓之内也。”
“乡人长于伯兄一岁,则谁敬?”曰:“敬兄。”
“酌则谁先?”曰:“先酌乡人。”
“所敬在此,所长在彼,果在外,非由内也。”
公都子不能答,以告孟子。孟子曰:“敬叔父乎?敬弟乎?彼将曰‘敬叔父’。曰:‘弟为尸,则谁敬?’彼将曰‘敬弟。’子曰:‘恶在其敬叔父也?’彼将曰‘在位故也。’子亦曰:‘在位故也。庸敬在兄,斯须之敬在乡人。’”
季子闻之曰:“敬叔父则敬,敬弟则敬,果在外,非由内也。”
公都子曰:“冬日则饮汤,夏日则饮水,然则饮食亦在外也?”

译文:

孟季子问公都子说:“为什么说义是发自于内的?”公都子回答说:“履行我对人的尊敬,所以说是发自于内心啊”。
孟季子问:“有位乡邻比大哥大一岁,应该敬谁?”公都子说:“敬大哥”。
孟季子问:“喝酒时,先敬谁?”公都子说:“先敬乡邻。”
孟季子说:“所尊敬的大哥在此,而先要敬酒的长者是那位乡邻,义果然是在外的,而不是在内啊。”
公都子不能回答他的问题,告诉了孟子。孟子说:“是敬叔父?还是敬弟弟?他会说‘敬叔父’。再问他‘弟弟做尸主,那敬谁呢?’他会说‘敬弟弟’。你再问:‘叔父就不要敬了吗?’他会说:‘位置不一样的缘故,弟弟代表祖先啊。平时尊敬兄长,敬酒时的片刻尊敬乡邻。’”
季子听到后说:“敬叔父是敬,敬弟弟也是敬,果然在外,不是发自于内啊。”
公都子说:“冬日喝汤,夏日喝水,那么喝汤吃饭也是在外了?”

短评:

外界情形不同,所尊敬的对象不一,但是恭敬诚恳的心只有一个。乡邻比兄长大一岁,在公共场合敬酒当然要先敬乡邻,这不是为了讨好乡邻,而是为了满足自己追求仁义道德的内心。对乡邻是恭敬客气,对兄长是爱敬亲和。

登录后才可评论.
Logo

Looks like your ad blocker is on.

×

We rely on ads to keep creating quality content for you to enjoy for free.

Please support our site by disabling your ad blocker.

Continue without supporting us

Choose your Ad Blocker

  • Adblock Plus
  • Adblock
  • Adguard
  • Ad Remover
  • Brave
  • Ghostery
  • uBlock Origin
  • uBlock
  • UltraBlock
  • Other
  1. In the extension bar, click the AdBlock Plus icon
  2. Click the large blue toggle for this website
  3. Click refresh
  1. In the extension bar, click the AdBlock icon
  2. Under "Pause on this site" click "Always"
  1. In the extension bar, click on the Adguard icon
  2. Click on the large green toggle for this website
  1. In the extension bar, click on the Ad Remover icon
  2. Click "Disable on This Website"
  1. In the extension bar, click on the orange lion icon
  2. Click the toggle on the top right, shifting from "Up" to "Down"
  1. In the extension bar, click on the Ghostery icon
  2. Click the "Anti-Tracking" shield so it says "Off"
  3. Click the "Ad-Blocking" stop sign so it says "Off"
  4. Refresh the page
  1. In the extension bar, click on the uBlock Origin icon
  2. Click on the big, blue power button
  3. Refresh the page
  1. In the extension bar, click on the uBlock icon
  2. Click on the big, blue power button
  3. Refresh the page
  1. In the extension bar, click on the UltraBlock icon
  2. Check the "Disable UltraBlock" checkbox
  1. Please disable your Ad Blocker
  2. Disable any DNS blocking tools such as AdGuardDNS or NextDNS

If the prompt is still appearing, please disable any tools or services you are using that block internet ads (e.g. DNS Servers).

Logo