马克龙发表强硬讲话，顺便讥讽了美国
2023年08月29日
德国新闻电视频道网站8月29日报道，法国总统马克龙宣布了该国未来几个月的进取型外交政策。马克龙在巴黎爱丽舍宫向被召集在一起的法国大使们发表了两个小时的讲话。在讲话中，马克龙说：“既不要家长作风，也不要软弱，否则我们将不再存在于任何地方。”
此外，马克龙还强调了法国对尼日尔新军事统治者们坚定的态度——尽管尼日尔当局发出最后通牒，他仍然宣布继续让法国大使留在该国。
报道称，马克龙对法国大使们说，鉴于国际政治的大环境，当前“西方扮演突出角色的世界秩序越来越受到质疑”，国际背景变得“更加复杂”，而且隐藏着“西方被削弱，尤其是欧洲被削弱的风险”。
马克龙就军人发动政变约一个月以来的尼日尔局势重申了法国的坚定态度。他说，有人声称巴黎“过多地”支持被推翻的尼日尔总统穆罕默德·巴祖姆，“如果保加利亚或者罗马尼亚发生了政变，我们会怎么做？”他说，法国“不会使用双重标准”。
马克龙还说，法国大使西尔万·伊泰无视尼日尔的统治者们25日发出的最后通牒，仍然留在尼日尔。他称法国的政策是清楚的："我们不承认政变分子。" 马克龙在演讲中就这一问题讥讽了美国和包括德国在内的诸多欧洲国家。马克龙说：“有人告诉我们，放任（尼日尔总统穆罕默德·巴祖姆）垮台才是正确的政策，因为这符合流行趋势。”
华盛顿以及包括柏林和罗马在内的其他欧洲国家的政府曾一再表示赞成在尼日尔用外交途径解决危机。而法国却准备支持军事干预——如果西非国家经济共同体决定这么做的话。（编译/梅鹏鹏）
马克龙希望 "大胆" 对抗西方的衰弱
作者：达维德·巴索 | EURACTIV 法国 2023 年 8 月 28 日
法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙于 2023 年 8 月 28 日在法国巴黎爱丽舍宫举行的大使会议上在法国大使面前发表讲话。预计马克龙将在年度大使会议上强调法国的外交政策。
法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙周一（8月28日）在向大使发表的年度演讲中呼吁对欧盟进行机构改革，以应对当前的挑战并维持欧洲和西方的影响力。
在近两个小时的时间里，马克龙在爱丽舍宫阐述了法国外交的优先事项，并指出“国际形势正变得更加复杂，带来了西方尤其是欧洲衰弱的风险”。
总统表示，欧洲人正在目睹“[他们的]人口、[他们]创造的财富、[他们]在世界贸易中的份额的客观稀释”以及“对国际秩序的逐步质疑”。
新的国际大国的作用、能源危机以及“在某些情况下以重新发明或幻想的反殖民主义为生，在另一些情况下以工具化的反西方主义为生的怨恨政治”加剧了这种情况。
马克龙表示，金砖国家及其“建立替代秩序的愿望”以及“中美紧张局势”动摇了国际秩序，导致国际贸易规则受到质疑。
马克龙再次呼吁欧洲“更多地参与”北约
他说，"北约的欧洲支柱不是北约的敌人"，但必须为欧洲防务"承担更大的责任"。
这应该能够“摆脱欧洲人在北约内处于地缘政治少数派的局面”，并且需要增强欧洲国防工业的实力。
然而，总统继续说，还需要“不仅仅从安全的角度来考虑欧洲的稳定”，他希望建立“一个地缘政治的欧洲”。
为此，乌克兰战争爆发后不久成立的欧洲政治共同体（EPC）是实现“和平欧洲”的“决定性”因素。
四十多个EPC成员国将于10月在西班牙举行一年内的第三次峰会，届时他们将讨论安全、经济、环境和移民问题。
欧盟的机构改革
总统表示，这需要在东扩的同时进行制度变革，"特别是西巴尔干地区"。
他说:“如果我们要应对当今的挑战，欧洲的心脏地带就需要更加一体化。因此，我们需要有足够的勇气，接受某些政策的更大程度的一体化，而且欧洲可能会以多种速度进行一体化。"
与此同时，马克龙表示，欧盟必须对俄罗斯保持“坚定的原则”，并补充说“俄罗斯不能也决不能赢得这场战争”。
他承认，为了实现这一目标，"未来几年将需要大量的财政、外交和能力投资"。
改革全球治理
更广泛地说，为了应对西方的衰落，总统呼吁“对全球治理进行深刻改革”，包括国际货币基金组织和世界银行。
这应该包括目前尚未加入的国家，否则“我们将允许创建替代秩序，我们将走向边缘化我们自己的体系”。
马克龙还再次呼吁"大胆", 为欧洲与印度、巴西和南非等新兴国家之间的合作“探索新模式", "不要将自己锁定在现有模式中"。
Macron wants 'boldness' to counter weakening of the West
By Davide Basso | EURACTIV France Aug 28, 2023
French President Emmanuel Macron speaks in front of French ambassadors during the conference of ambassadors at the Elysee Palace, Paris, France, 28 August 2023. Macron is expected to highlight France's foreign policy during the annual ambassadors' conference.
French President Emmanuel Macron called during his annual speech to ambassadors on Monday (28 August) for institutional changes to the European Union to meet present challenges and maintain Europe’s and the West’s influence.
For almost two hours, Macron set out the priorities for French diplomacy at the Élysée Palace, noting the “international context is becoming more complicated and poses the risk of a weakening of the West and more particularly of our Europe.”
According to the president, Europeans are witnessing an “objective dilution of [their] population, of [their] produced wealth, of [their] share in world trade” and a “progressive calling into question of the international order”.
This is exacerbated by the role of new international powers, the energy crisis, and by a “politics of resentment that feeds on reinvented or fantasised anti-colonialism in some cases, and on instrumentalised anti-Westernism in others.”
An international order shaken up by BRICS and their “desire to bring about an alternative order” and by “Sino-American tensions”, have led to the rules of international trade being called into question, said Macron.
Macron again called for “greater European involvement” in NATO.
“The European pillar [in NATO] is not NATO’s enemy”, he said, but must “take greater responsibility” for European defence.
This should make it possible to “move away from the situation of Europeans being in a geopolitical minority within NATO”, and will require an increase in the strength of the European defence industry.
However, it is also necessary to “think about European stability in terms of more than just security”, continued the president, who wants to build “a geopolitical Europe”.
To this end, the European Political Community (EPC), launched shortly after the start of the war in Ukraine, is a “decisive” factor in achieving “a Europe of peace”.
More than forty member states of the EPC will meet for a third summit in a year in October in Spain, where they will discuss security, the economy, the environment and immigration.
Institutional reform of the EU
According to the president, this requires institutional changes to be made in parallel with enlargement, “particularly with regard to the Western Balkans”.
“The heart of Europe needs to be more integrated if we are to meet the challenges of today,” he said, adding that “we therefore need to be bold enough to accept greater integration in certain policies, and perhaps at several speeds in this Europe.”
Meanwhile, Macron stated that the EU must remain “firm on doctrine” vis-à-vis Russia, adding that “Russia cannot and must not win this war”.
“It will be a considerable financial, diplomatic and capability investment for years to come” to pursue this objective, he acknowledged.
Reforming global governance
More broadly, to counter the decline of the West, the president called for “a profound reform of global governance”, including the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.
This should be to include countries that are not currently part of it, otherwise “we will allow an alternative order to be created and we will move towards marginalising our own system”.
Macron also called once again for “boldness”, in order to work “on new formats” for cooperation between Europeans and emerging countries, including India, Brazil and South Africa, and “not to lock ourselves into existing formats”.
