西、非裔涉案多，逮捕率自然高
洛杉矶警察局因逮捕嫌犯中多数为有色族裔，引起争议。（abc7截图）
2022年洛杉矶警察局逮捕人数 资料来源：市主计长梅希亚
警方强调逮捕数据对了解犯罪活动和逮捕行动的相互关联性至关重要。一些研究，包括警务公平和警务项目中心的研究，都指出差异本身不必然意味着存在歧视，而其他因素如贫困、教育和资源不足等社会问题也对这些数据产生重要影响。r警察局解释指出，市主计长办公室的报告指出的差异，在比较特定群体与居住人口的关系时，与其他高比例是一致的。例如，非裔占洛杉矶人口的8%，但却占暴力犯罪受害者的24%和凶杀案受害者的39%。同样，非裔和西裔受害者合计占报告的暴力犯罪的70%和凶杀案的87%。
洛杉矶警察局官员补充说明，根据报告，非裔在41%的暴力犯罪、39%的凶杀案和50%的抢劫案中都是犯罪者。此外，非裔和西裔人合计占81%的暴力犯罪和79%的严重袭击事件的犯罪者。同时，当暴力犯罪逮捕率与特定社区的暴力犯罪率重叠时，会发现类似的集中度。
市主计长梅希亚（Kenneth Mejia）办公室在7月发布了一份地图和分析，显示过去四年中近30万人被捕的情况。报告指出，这是首次向公众开放并加以绘制。
报告具体指出，在2019年至2022年期间，洛杉矶警察局逮捕的所有人员中，西裔和非裔的比例平均占78.26%，尽管这些居民仅占该市人口的56%。被捕的人中，西裔占51%，其次是非裔，占27%，白人占16%。而西裔占人口的48%，非裔占8%，白人占29%。详细报告可在controller.lacity.gov/landings/arrests上查阅，地图可在arrests.lacontroller.io上查看。
然而，洛杉矶警察局对这些与警察局有关的数字的真实性提出质疑，称主计长办公室的数据来自市长的开放数据门户，其中包括洛杉矶警察局以外的机构实施的逮捕行动。
洛杉矶警察局表示，在四年的23万2261起逮捕中，有12.3%（即3万5320起）是由非洛杉矶警察局实体／私人逮捕并在洛杉矶警察局设施中登记的。其中包括1万6052名私人被捕、3995名LAWA（机场）警察逮捕和7751名CHP逮捕。另外，逮捕的人员还包括不居住在洛杉矶市的个人。
梅希亚办公室也在社交媒体上回应了洛杉矶警察局的声明，称该报告过于仰赖洛杉矶警察局唯一全面、公开的逮捕数据，并强调他们将每周在该市／市长的开放数据门户上更新这些数据。洛杉矶警察局并未反驳报告的调查结果，即逮捕过程中存在种族差异，或者非和西裔被捕的比例过高。他们强调了这些统计数据，凸显了存在过度偏向的情况。
何为西裔
https://www.zhihu.com/question/64438809
美国西班牙裔不被当做美国白人族群。美国人把国内的族群划分为白人、非裔、西裔、亚裔、慕斯林。西裔不也是白人吗，为什么被单独拿出来呢？
Cheng Huang
美国白人的范围是随着新移民的不断融入和中产化慢慢扩大的，最早的白人只能是英国的盎格鲁撒克逊白人，德裔、犹太裔、爱尔兰裔，意大利裔、东欧裔最早都不算是社会认知上的白人。如果看过电影《教父》就知道哪怕是在二十世纪初，意大利移民也是被极度边缘化的群体。最早的新移民，英语并非母语，又有文化隔阂，自然更愿意抱团聚居，然而随着第二三代移民的中产化且英语也成为了母语，这种差别就会慢慢消失。
发布于 2017-08-26 03:01
知乎用户
真正的问题在于主流HIspanic母语讲的不是英语，而是spanish，别说个别Latino讲的英文不错来反驳我。
编辑于 2017-08-26 13:47
?
知乎用户
美国的主流人群是WASP，西裔，哪怕不是混血，从血统上来说是纯白人（这样的人很多），但他们只满足W，其他都不是，更何况西裔中还有很多梅斯帝索人和穆拉图人。
编辑于 2017-08-25 21:51
杞人
我的理解，即使是欧洲的西班牙白人移民到美国，由于美国国内大批拉丁裔存在，西班牙白人也很难象其它非盎格鲁撒克逊白人（意大利，东欧）那样完全融入美国。事实上，西班牙白人在美国至少应该算半个土著，有点跟英国白人移民美国后的地位相似。毕竟整个拉丁美洲都通行西班牙语，而美国更是因为窃取了半个墨西哥的领土并由此带来的大量拉丁裔原住民。简单的说，西班牙白人来到美国可比英国白人早的多，在他们面前，美国盎格鲁撒克逊白人可不敢摆老资格动辄叫他们滚出美国（就像对其它族群一样，比如黑人，亚裔）。
编辑于 2017-08-26 04:17
LAPD challenges report suggesting racial disparity in arrest numbers
LOS ANGELES (CNS) -- Responding to a city report that found Black and Hispanic/Latino people were arrested at a "disproportionate rate" between 2019 to 2022, the Los Angeles Police Department denied the numbers point to discriminatory practices, noting that Black and Hispanic/Latino residents are also disproportionately represented among crime victims and reported offenders.
"Arrest demographics are important in understanding the interplay between those engaged in criminal activity and arrest activity," according to an LAPD statement released late Tuesday. "Several studies including the Center for Policing Equity & Policing Project identify that disparities in and of themselves do not mean discrimination exists. Significant other factors such as the roles of poverty, education, and under resourced communities have critical implications."
According to the department, the disparities noted in a recent City Controller's Office report analyzing arrest figures "are consistent with other over-representation when comparing select groups of individuals in relationship to residential populations. For example, while Black Angelenos make up 8% of the residential population they represent 24% of violent crime victims and 39% of homicide victims. Similarly, when combined, Black and Hispanic victims represent 70% of reported violent crime and 87% of homicides."
LAPD officials added that Black individuals are reported offenders in 41% of violent crime, 39% of homicides and 50% of robberies.
"When combined, Black and Hispanic individuals are reported offenders in 81% of violent crime and 79% of aggravated assaults," LAPD officials said in a statement. "Additionally, when violent crime arrest rates are overlayed with rates of violent crime in particular neighborhoods, similar concentrations are found."
City Controller Kenneth Mejia's office published a map and analysis in July of nearly 300,000 arrests over the past four years. The data "marks the first time the data has been made accessible and mapped for the public without limitations," the report says.
Specifically, the report found that an average of 78.26% of all LAPD arrests between 2019 to 2022 involved Hispanics/Latinos or Black people, despite such residents making up 56% of the city's population. Hispanics/Latinos made up 51% of the arrests, with Black people next at 27% and whites 16%. Hispanics/Latinos make up 48% of the population, compared to Black people at 8% and whites at 29%.
A proposed contract would increase the starting base salary for Los Angeles Police Department officers by 11%, Mayor Karen Bass announced.
The full report can be found at controller.lacity.gov/landings/arrests. The map can be viewed at arrests.lacontroller.io.
LAPD officials, however, questioned the veracity of the numbers as they related to the police department, saying the data analyzed by the controller's office came from the Mayor's Open Data Portal, which includes arrests made by agencies other than the LAPD.
"It appears that over the four years, 12.3%, or 35,320 of 232,261 arrests were made by non-LAPD entities/private persons and booked in LAPD facilities," according to the LAPD. "This includes 16,052 private persons arrests, 3,995 LAWA (Airport) Police arrests and 7,751 CHP (California Highway Patrol) arrests."
The arrests reported also included individuals who do not reside in the city of Los Angeles, according to the LAPD.
Mejia's office responded to the LAPD's statement Wednesday afternoon on social media, saying the report "relied on LAPD's only comprehensive, publicly available arrest data, which they update weekly on the city's/Mayor's Open Data Portal."
Mejia's office said LAPD did "not refute" the report's findings that "racial disparities exist in their arrests or that Black and Latino people are arrested at a disproportionate rate."
"Citing these statistics that emphasize the alleged criminality of communities that are over-policed, marginalized, disenfranchised, and discriminated plays on racist stereotypes in an attempt to excuse over-policing of disenfranchised communities and neighborhoods," according to Mejia's office.
The controller's office recommended the department update its arrest data to include LAPD-specific arrests.
LAPD officials stated the department strives to ensure its actions are "free of bias or discrimination."
"Each arrest must stand on its own rooted in probable cause and evidence including victim and witness accounts, forensic evidence when available, and the most recent advent of body worn video recording the actions of all involved."
LAPD Arrest Maps & Analysis (2019-22)
https://controller.lacity.gov/landings/arrests
This map shows locations and details of the nearly 300,000 arrests the Los Angeles Police Department made between 2019 and 2022. Users can navigate the map and filter by race, Council District, LAPD Division, and arrest type.
The data was obtained from the Los Angeles Police Department, but marks the first time the data has been made accessible and mapped for the public without limitations.
Arrests are triggered by allegations of criminal acts that may or may not have occurred. Click Here to Open the Map
Summary and Analysis Race
As the map highlights, Brown and Black people are arrested at a disproportionate rate, making up an average of 78.26% of all arrests over the past four years (2019-2022)， despite being only 56% of the LA City population according to 2020 Census data.
- Brown & Black people = 78.26% of all arrests from 2019-2022
- Brown & Black people = 56% of the LA City population (per 2020 Census data)
it came in second to Council District 8 by a difference of only three arrests.
Arrest Type
The LAPD arrest types fall into five categories identified by the LAPD:
(1) felony, (2) misdemeanor, (3) infractions, (4) dependent, and (5) other.
Under California law, a felony is a crime that is punishable with death, by imprisonment in the state prison, or . . . by imprisonment in a county jail under [certain provisions]. Every other crime or public offense is a misdemeanor except those offenses that are classified as infractions.
Misdemeanors and infractions carry varying degrees of financial and incarceration consequences.
LAPD makes more arrests for misdemeanor and infraction offenses than for felonies.
- 2019: 55,954 misdemeanor & infraction arrests vs. 33,663 felony arrests
- 2020: 34,659 misdemeanor & infraction arrests vs. 31,015 felony arrests
- 2021: 33,179 misdemeanor & infraction arrests vs. 32,597 felony arrests
- 2022: 30,431 misdemeanor & infraction arrests vs. 30,378 felony arrests
Dependent Arrests
According to LAPD data, they make over 400 arrests each year in the “dependent” category.
This category includes children who are taken into custody because their parent or guardian has been accused of abuse, neglect, or endangerment, as well as children who are deemed to be runaways or
beyond parental control.
The data available is unclear about the nature of these interactions,
but raises questions about the frequency that children and youth are coming into contact with the LAPD.
- 2019: 464 Dependent arrests
- 2020: 429 Dependent arrests
- 2021: 422 Dependent arrests
- 2022: 545 Dependent arrests
