旧约词汇 - D

D

The acronym for the Deuteronomist source of the Torah/Pentateuch, written in the seventh century B.C.E.

Dan

A son of Jacob, and one of the twelve tribes of Israel. See Chapter 9.

Daniel

A Judean who was taken into Babylonian captivity by Nebuchadnezzar; a Jewish hero, he is the main character in the book of Daniel. See Chapter 17.

David

The son of Jesse, anointed by Samuel to become king in place of Saul; he killed Goliath; his sons Amnon, Absalom, Adonijah, and Solomon fought to follow him on the throne; he is associated with the biblical psalms and is credited with politically and militarily uniting the ancient Israelite confederation into a centralized kingdom with Jerusalem as its capital; he created the largest empire Israel ever knew; David is said to have planned for the Temple which his son and successor Solomon built. See Chapter 8, Chapter 8.

Davidic covenant

A covenant God made with David pledging that the family of David would provide kings to rule over Israel in perpetuity (2 Samuel 7). See Chapter 8.

Day of atonement

(Hebrew yom kippur) The one day each year when special sacrifices were made by the high priest for the sins of the people; only on this day the high priest entered the Most Holy Place of the temple to sprinkle blood on the ark of the covenant to reconcile Israel with God (Leviticus 16). See Chapter 4.

Day of Yahweh

Also termed the Day of the LORD, the day God battles his enemies; derives from the holy war tradition and was cited by Amos, Joel, Obadiah, and Zephaniah. See Chapter 13.

Dead Sea Scrolls

A collection of scrolls dating to the first century B.C.E. found in caves near the Dead Sea; they are generally thought to be linked with the settlement at Qumran, and with a Jewish religious group called the Essenes. See Conclusion.

Deborah

The judge of Israel who engineered victory over Canaanites (Judges 4-5). See Chapter 7.

Decalogue

(Greek for "ten words") Refers to laws collected into a group of ten; The Decalogue is the Ten Commandments received by Moses on Mount Sinai (Exodus 20:1-17 and Deuteronomy 5:1-21); the cultic decalogue is found in Exodus 34.

Demythologize

The process of interpreting a myth in non-mythic language to express its meaning without clinging to its mythic form.

Deutero-canonical

Pertains to writings regarded as Scripture by some (particularly by Christian groups) but not contained in the Hebrew Bible. Also see Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha.

Deuteronomic reform

A reform of Judah's religious institutions carried out by Josiah in the seventh century B.C.E.; the book of Deuteronomy is closely associated with this initiative.

Deuteronomist

(abbreviated D) The writer or school of writers responsible for the book of Deuteronomy, the fifth book of the Torah/Pentateuch. See Chapter 5.

Deuteronomistic history

(abbreviated DH; sometimes called the Deuteronomic history) The body of material which consists of the introduction to Deuteronomy (chapters 1-4) and Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings; it is an extended review of Israel's history from the conquest under Joshua through the destruction of 587 B.C.E. written from the perspective of principles found in the book of Deuteronomy. See Part 2, Chapter 5.

Deuteronomy

The fifth book of the Torah/Pentateuch; many modern scholars consider it to be part or all of a scroll found during a reform of the temple and its institutions carried out by Josiah in 622 B.C.E. See Part 1.

DH

(sometimes DtrH) The acronym for the Deuteronomic history. See Deuteronomic history.

Diaspora

(Greek for "scattering") The technical term for the dispersion of the Jewish people, a process which began after defeats in 721 and 587 B.C.E. and resulted in the growth of sizable Jewish communities outside Palestine; the terms diasora and dispersion are often used to refer to the Jewish communities living among the gentiles outside the "holy land" of Canaan/Israel/Palestine. See Chapter 16.

Dietary laws

See Kosher.

Divine council

Consisted of the "sons of God," a council of angels which surrounded God and served as his deliberative assembly. See Chapter 1 Day 6, Chapter 1 Divine-Human Intermarriage.

Divine warrior

The notion that God is a warrior fighting on behalf of his people. See also Holy War.

Documentary hypothesis

Scholarly hypothesis suggesting that the Torah/Pentateuch was not the work one author, such as Moses, but is a composition based on four documents from different periods: J (the Yahwist) from about 950 B.C.E., E (the Elohist) from about 850, D (Deuteronomy) from about 620, and P (the Priestly document) from about 550.450 J and E were combined around 720, D was added about a century later, and P about a century after that, giving final shape to the Torah. See Part 1.

Dualism

The belief that there are two elemental forces in the universe, Good and Evil; apocalypticism typically holds a dualistic view of the world.