鱼类和素食可以降低癌症发病率(除宫颈癌和脑瘤需要更多研究外)。鱼类比素食更优。请关注highlighted部分。在消化道方面鱼类更优,在泌尿生殖道和造血系统方面素食更佳(RR为危险指数,>1,比肉食危险,
Numbers of incident malignant cancers (N) and relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) by diet group among 33 697 meat eaters, 8901 fish eaters and 21 810 vegetariansa
Cancer site
| Meat eater
| Fish eater
| Vegetarian
| P for heterogeneity
| (ICD-10 codes)
| N
| RR
| N
| RR (95% CI)
| N
| RR (95% CI)
| Upper GI tract (C00-10, 13, 15)
| 56
| 1
| 4
| 0.44 (0.16–1.25)
| 18
| 0.81 (0.45–1.46)
| 0.218
| Stomach (C16)
| 38
| 1
| 2
| 0.29 (0.07–1.20)
| 9
| 0.36 (0.16–0.78)
| 0.007
| Colorectum (C18–20)
| 243
| 1
| 31
| 0.77 (0.53–1.13)
| 110
| 1.12 (0.87–1.44)
| 0.177
| Colon (C18)
| 156
| 1
| 17
| 0.68 (0.41–1.14)
| 66
| 1.12 (0.81–1.54)
| 0.173
| Rectum (C19–20)
| 87
| 1
| 14
| 0.92 (0.51–1.64)
| 44
| 1.12 (0.75–1.67)
| 0.776
| Pancreas (C25)
| 46
| 1
| 6
| 0.82 (0.34–1.96)
| 19
| 0.94 (0.52–1.71)
| 0.898
| Lung (C34)
| 114
| 1
| 8
| 0.59 (0.29–1.23)
| 43
| 1.11 (0.75–1.65)
| 0.225
| Melanoma (C43)
| 115
| 1
| 21
| 0.90 (0.55–1.47)
| 49
| 0.89 (0.61–1.29)
| 0.799
| Female breast (C50)
| 654
| 1
| 133
| 1.05 (0.86–1.28)
| 237
| 0.91 (0.77–1.08)
| 0.383
| Cervix (C53)
| 17
| 1
| 10
| 2.05 (0.91–4.63)
| 23
| 2.08 (1.05–4.12)
| 0.069
| Endometrium (C54)
| 71
| 1
| 8
| 0.61 (0.29–1.30)
| 22
| 0.75 (0.45–1.28)
| 0.304
| Ovary (C56)
| 98
| 1
| 8
| 0.37 (0.18–0.77)
| 34
| 0.69 (0.45–1.07)
| 0.007
| Prostate (C61)
| 207
| 1
| 14
| 0.57 (0.33–0.99)
| 70
| 0.87 (0.64–1.18)
| 0.092
| Kidney (C64)
| 37
| 1
| 2
| 0.36 (0.09–1.52)
| 11
| 0.76 (0.36–1.58)
| 0.252
| Bladder (C67)
| 65
| 1
| 7
| 0.81 (0.36–1.81)
| 13
| 0.47 (0.25–0.89)
| 0.05
| Brain (C71)
| 44
| 1
| 11
| 1.39 (0.69–2.80)
| 26
| 1.25 (0.72–2.16)
| 0.581
| Lymphatic/haematopoietic tissue (C81–96)
| 180
| 1
| 28
| 0.85 (0.56–1.29)
| 49
| 0.55 (0.39–0.78)
| 0.002
| Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (C82–85)
| 81
| 1
| 13
| 0.86 (0.47–1.58)
| 23
| 0.57 (0.35–0.95)
| 0.079
| Multiple myeloma (C90)
| 34
| 1
| 4
| 0.72 (0.25–2.10)
| 4
| 0.25 (0.08–0.73)
| 0.015
| Leukaemia (C91–95)
| 51
| 1
| 10
| 1.18 (0.58–2.40)
| 17
| 0.78 (0.43–1.43)
| 0.565
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| All sites (C00–97)
| 2204
| 1
| 317
| 0.82 (0.73–0.93)
| 829
| 0.88 (0.81–0.96)
| 0.001
|
ICD=International Classification of Diseases; GI=gastrointestinal.
a Estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression with age as the underlying time variable, adjusted for smoking (never smoker, former smoker, light smoker (=15 cigarettes per day)), alcohol consumption (-2, unknown), physical activity level (low, high, unknown) and, for the women-only cancers, parity (none, 1–2, 3+, unknown) and oral contraceptive use (ever, never, unknown), and stratified by sex (where appropriate) and study/method of recruitment, using separate models for each end point.
http://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v101/n1/fig_tab/6605098t2.html#figure-title
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