社交恐惧症Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder又名社交焦虑症)
A. A marked and persistent fear of one or more social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others. The individual fears that he or she will act in a way (or show anxiety symptoms) that will be humiliating or embarrassing. Note: In children, there must be evidence of the capacity for age-appropriate social relationships with familiar people and the anxiety must occur in peer settings, not just in interactions with adults.
显著持续的害怕一种或多种社交或公共场合,在这些场合患者会要与不熟悉的人的交往,或可能被别人仔细观察.患者害怕自己的行为(或者表现出的焦虑)会导致羞辱或难堪.注意:对儿童来说,要有证据表明该患者已经有与其年龄相应的,与熟悉的人相处的能力,而且他们的焦虑既会发生在与成人相处时,也发生在与自己同年龄段人相处的时候.
B. Exposure to the feared social situation almost invariably provokes anxiety, which may take the form of a situationally bound or situationally predisposed Panic Attack. Note: In children, the anxiety may be expressed by crying, tantums, freezing, or shrinking from social situations with unfamiliar people.
每当暴露于令其害怕的社交场合总是会无可避免地导致患者产生焦虑,出现场景性或倾向于场景性恐慌发作. 注意:对儿童来说,焦虑可表现为哭闹,突然发怒,惊呆,紧贴大人,或者躲避与不熟悉人相处的社交环境.
C. The person recognizes that the fear is excessive or unreasonable; Note: In children, this feature may be absent.
患者明白自己的害怕是超乎寻常的或不合理的.(注意:对孩子来说,这点不存在).
D. The feared social or performance situations are avoided or else are endured with intense anxiety or distress.
患者会回避这些引起恐惧的场合,如不能避免会不得不忍受很强的焦虑或痛苦
E. The avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distress in the feared social or performance situations(s) interferes significantly with the person’s normal routine, occupational (academic) functioning, or social activities or relationships, or there is marked distress about having the phobia.
因为害怕社交的场合或行为,患者所有的这些回避,对焦虑的预期,或者所忍受的害怕显著地干扰了患者正常的生活,工作,社交,交友,也显著地为有这种恐惧症而痛苦
F. In individuals under age 18 years, the duration is at least 6 months.
对小于18岁的人来说,持续时间至少6个月.
G. The fear or avoidance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition and is not better accounted for by another mental disorder (e.g., Panic Disorder With or Without Agoraphobia, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Body Dysmorphic Disorder, a Pervasive Developmental Disorder, or Schizoid Personality Disorder).
恐惧回避等行为不是由于药物的直接作用,也不是某种身体上的疾病或某种其他的精神疾病引起(如:恐慌症合并广场恐惧症,或者广场恐惧症没有恐慌症,分离焦虑症,异形障碍,全身性发育障碍,精神分裂样人格障碍).
H. If a general medical condition or another mental disorder is present, the fear in Criterion A is unrelated to it, e.g., the fear is not of Stuttering, trembling in Parkinson’s disease, or exhibiting abnormal eating behavior in Anorexia Nervosa or Bulimia Nervosa.
如果患者另有某种全身性疾病,或某种精神疾病,对社交场合的恐惧与这些疾病的症状不同,如:不是巴金森氏病的口吃,颤抖,也不是厌食症的异常饮食行为.
