Capitalization - 总诀

Vol. 1, No. 18

本篇我们将站在前几周所建立的基础上融会贯通capitalization,一举解开它的奥秘。这一系列的模块的最后的一个plug就是期权池(stock option pool)。续Vol. 1, No. 13的例子,公司发行了一百万普通股给创始团队,之后公司以五百万美元的公司价值向投资人融资一百万美元,发行A优先股,公司的股份就会经过下述的几步:

1. 发给创始团队:

股东股票股份
王大明500,00050%
John Doe500,00050%
总计1,000,000100%

2. 以五百万美元的公司价值向投资人融资一百万美元:

投资人:“等等,那你们公司发给未来员工的期权从哪里出?你们的公司需建立个期权池。而我们的要求是这期权池占融资后的15%”

换个方式来说,投资人的要求就是它们投多少钱,就占公司融资后的多少股份,而不会被期权池给稀释。这在风险投资里是标准模式。期权池的算法为:

$1,000,000 [投资额]/ ($1,000,000 [投资额] + $5,000,000 [公司估价]) = 16.6666%
100% - 16.6666% = 83.3334%
83.3334% - 15% [期权池] = 68.3334% [融资后创始团队所占的股份]
1,000,000 [创始团队的股票] / 68.3334% = 1,463,413
1,463,413 x 15% = 219,512

所以公司在融资前的股份就变成了:

股东股票股份
王大明500,00041%
John Doe500,00041%
期权池219,51218%

3. 基于上述的股权架构,以五百万美元的公司价值向投资人融资一百万美元:

$5,000,000 / 1,219,512 = $4.10
$1,000,000 / $4.10 = 243,902

股东股票股份
王大明500,00034.17%
John Doe500,00034.17%
期权池219,51215.00%
投资人243,90216.67%
总计1,463,414100%

4. 可是期权池与期权没有投票权:

股东股票股份票数投票权
王大明500,00034.17%500,00040.20%
John Doe500,00034.17%500,00040.20%
期权池219,51215.00%00%
投资人243,90216.67%243,90219.61%
总计1,463,414100%1,243,902100%

所以切记期权池稀释的不仅是股份,也稀释了投票权。

好,说到这里,各位的回家功课就是拿着上述的公司架构,回到Vol. 1, No. 16去演算卖掉这公司,各个股东(包括期权池的份)应得多少钱。

如有疑问请不吝留言。我们下周再聊。

● ● ● ● ●

Jerry Ku为高锐律师事务所(Gunderson Dettmer)的合伙人。此专栏所表达的意见为Jerry的个人看法而不代表Gunderson Dettmer的立场。

Gunderson Dettmer是一家在新兴的成长型科技公司和风险投资基金方面领先业界的国际商业律师事务所。在硅谷(Redwood City),旧金山,纽约,波士顿,圣地亚哥,北京都有办事处。

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