作为诺贝尔奖公布的一个传统,诺贝尔委员会都会有人用电话先通知当天的获奖人。他们电话打到北京时没有找到屠呦呦,所以她是看电视才知道自己获奖的。随后诺贝尔奖的公关部门会打电话对新科诺奖得主进行简短的电话采访,一般就是聊聊获奖的感受。这次透过翻译,屠呦呦与诺贝尔奖负责媒体的主管Adam Smith进行了交谈。
屠呦呦在诺贝尔电话访谈和其他公开谈话中,给人的感觉都是她需要面对相当大的外部的压力。不少对话里她都必须先谈什么集体的荣誉或国家的荣誉,似乎忌讳谈及自己的贡献等真实的感受。这是我们比较所有其他诺贝尔奖得主的电话访谈后感到的独特现象,这里面当然反映了东西方文化的显著差别。问题是有谁的科学研究不是国家资助的呢?从来没有听说美国诺贝尔奖得主首先感谢美国政府或国立健康研究院的。我们要明白,诺贝尔科学奖是给予杰出科学家个人的原始性发现或发明,国家效应他们会考虑,但是不是主要的。屠呦呦自己也应该明白,既然诺贝尔委员会将该奖授予了你,你就是当然的诺贝尔奖得主,以后应该在随后的诺贝尔演讲中多谈谈当年那些自己的故事。
屠 呦呦的成就当然非常重要,并且名至实归。她更聪明的是对谁最能评判她的成就,她心中有数,屠呦呦获奖后国内出现的那些对她不满的言论就是明证。一些国人嫉妒心极强,自己不行就在背后捅刀子,JCI (Journal of Clinical Investigation, 国际知名的《临床研究杂志》)副主编甚至说过,她们刚收到来自中国的科学论文的投稿,就会有可能是同实验室的人匿名写信控诉。
前些年,就有人抱怨屠呦呦不愿意分享资料给其他采访人,其实这正是屠呦呦不仅懂厚黑学而且具有国际视野的地方,她知道应该信任与她沒有利害关系的,有评价能力 的并且公正的疟疾领域的美国资深学者。鼎力推荐屠呦呦获得美国拉斯卡奖和诺贝尔奖的美国科学家Louis Miller, 还是在圣路易斯华盛顿大学读的医学院,后来成为研究疟病的美国科学家院士。来自NIH的被公开的通讯内容告诉我们,拉斯卡奖的提名似乎没有保密之说,但是 诺贝尔有封存提名过程50年的规定,这可能是Miller拒绝国内媒体采访的原因。但是这些都是相对的,台湾籍女科学家周芷 (Louise Chow) 关于RNA剪辑机制错过了诺贝尔奖后,透露岀来的消息就是James Watson在写冷泉港报告时偏向了Richard Roberts。当年美国冷港巷的Roberts和麻省理工的Sharp因发现断裂基因(内含子和外显子)而获得1993年的诺贝尔医学奖,还有一个名额。周芷在冷港巷是与Roberts合作的独立的研究小组,而Watson错误地把作为Cell文章第一作者的周芷与Sharp组的PNAS文章的博后第一作者相比较。如果当年Watson的推荐材料能够公正些,现在阿拉巴马大学做教授的周芷应该早就是诺贝尔奖得主了。
所以苏新专确实为中国做了件大好事,最重要的是青蒿素不可能单项获得诺贝尔奖,必须与别的研究方向分享,如果人太多诺贝尔奖委员会可能完全放弃授奖的想法。苏新专和 Miller当年推荐青蒿素给拉斯卡奖时,确实推荐了屠呦呦和另一位中国科学家,结果拉斯卡奖只授予了屠呦呦一人。西方最可贵的东西之一,就是该公开的东 西完全公开,该保密时保密到底,中国则正好相反。诺贝尔奖提名过程封存50年才解密,因为那时候当事人已经作古了。如果像中国的院士那样,名单在网上公布三月专门让大家提意见,更多的是泼污水,有人可能把屠呦呦的私生活都拿出来攻击她。
中国文化里面最不好的就是谁也不服谁,不在背后捅刀子就好了,所以很少成大事,这次没有Miller和苏新专的努力,屠呦呦为中国所得荣誉肯定会黃的。记得两年前诺贝尔奖授予Peter Higgs发现的所谓的上帝粒子,他只是几十年前从理论上预测了该粒子的苏格兰人。由于家中没有现代通讯条件,他获诺贝尔奖还是邻居告诉他的。在瑞士工作的庞大的物理学家群用那里的设备证实了该粒子的存在,人家实验科学家没有争功而只是为Higgs高兴,并且还专门把他请去瑞士当场祝贺他,中国人应该学学别人的胸怀。
下面为诺贝尔奖委员会的公关主管Adam Smith通过翻译与屠呦呦的交谈。http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2015/tu-interview.html
"Good News for the National Holiday!"
Telephone interview with Youyou Tu following the announcement of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 5 October 2015. The interviewer is Adam Smith, Chief Scientific Officer of Nobel Media. Professor Tu speaks in Chinese during the interview and the English questions and Professor Tu's answers are translated by Jin Li from the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.
[Jin Li] Hello.
[Adam Smith] This is Adam Smith, calling from Nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Prize, in Stockholm.
[JL] Yes, this is Professor Tu Youyou's home.
[AS} So first of all, may we ask what is Professor Tu's reaction to the award of the Nobel Prize?
[JL for Youyou Tu] Yes, Professor Tu Youyou is very glad to own the Nobel Prize.
[AS] Thank you very much. And what does the award of the Nobel Prize mean for her and for Chinese science?
[JL for TY] I'm very glad that the new anti-malaria drug artemisinin earns international recognition from the Nobel Prize committee.
Also, I want to show my gratitude and respect to Nobel Committee, Karolinska Institute and Sweden people.
Yes, Chinese people wish to win Nobel Prize for long time, and this time artemisinin win this Prize. Shows that our work to research anti-malaria drugs is at a high level and achieve good result.
So at the moment when we begin to research anti-malaria drug this old drug had already got drug resistance. As a result we worked very hard to find anti-malaria drug artemisinin and to save millions of lives. It shows that as a scientific worker we need innovation spirit to find new things.
[AS] It's a great pleasure to speak to you and to Professor Tu, thank you very much. May we convey our…
[JL for TY] Yes, thanks, yes.
[AS] We would like to convey our congratulations and also say we are very much looking forward to welcoming her to Stockholm in December.
[JL for TY] Yes, thanks a lot.
[AS] Thank you. One last question, it's late evening there in Beijing. Will Professor Tu have time to celebrate tonight?
[JL for TY] I have many friends to come home to share my happiness. Even for Chinese people is also a good thing, a good news for the national holiday. Thanks a lot.
[AS] Yes, it's perfect timing, yes. Thank you very much. OK, well, Xie Xie, thank you.
[JL for TY] Thank you. Thank you very much.
[AS] Thank you, bye bye.