从上海垃圾处理想到的

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最近,上海垃圾处理上了世界新闻头条。开始没在意,后来看了国内有关电视报道,也觉得有点奇葩了。

上海的垃圾分类和北美,欧洲的都不一样,其中关于湿垃圾和干垃圾的分类有点奇怪。似乎是立足于垃圾处理,湿垃圾是指那些易于消化,堆肥处理的肥料。大多数国家都允许将湿垃圾连同其包装容器一同扔,但按此次上海的规定,湿垃圾必须裸扔。比如你叫了份快餐,扔垃圾时必须将饭余掏出来扔进湿垃圾桶,将饭盒洗干净扔进干垃圾桶,如果饭盒盖子是干净的,还要扔到可回收垃圾桶里。这里主要的逻辑似乎是,为了方便湿垃圾的处理,避免在处理时还要分离包装容器,因此需要民众来做这一步。

马上有些段子就出来了,比如早上吃包子,剩一口肉馅有点油腻,想扔了,路边垃圾桶只允许放干垃圾,最后没办法,我又塞嘴里了。而且这次上海出现大阵势,警察大妈齐上阵,扔垃圾的现场,让人有点害怕。

垃圾分类本来是个好事,但这么搞,就有点过了。一个好的政策,因为过头了,最后失败了的事,例子可是举不胜举。古有王安石变法,外国有列宁战时共产主义,中国以前的消灭麻雀,除四害运动,都是例子。再说垃圾分类,再严格也不能处以刑期,太麻烦了,人们就会消极抵抗,半夜里扔到犄角嘎达,找也找不到的地方,以后现代化的大上海,到处发出隐臭,那也不是当政者的初衷。

除了执行上有点操之过急,科学上我也有些不解之处。按堆肥理论,是通过需氧的细菌,把垃圾分解成有机肥料,其中对于熟的厨余,特别是荤菜,因为其中含有盐类,脂肪等,会妨碍发酵,通常是不能置于堆肥中的。即使生的荤菜,由于有病菌污染的可能,也是禁忌放在堆肥中的。湿垃圾的处理,应该可以更细分成可堆肥垃圾,荤食之类可制成生物燃料的,或者没什么用途,但可经消毒降解等无害化处理后直接排污的。现在把它们都混在一起,加速了腐化,互相之间没了隔离还会产生化学反应,恶臭无比可能还会有毒。这些桶还是要二次装入垃圾车的,由于不是液体,难免有点残余,清理垃圾的人真是比拉粪的还要恶心。混合后,可能堆肥,制作生物燃料都不成了,也不适合焚烧,只能填埋或降解了。

如果湿垃圾能用个容器装着扔,而把拆解,分捡的工作放到处理地做,扔垃圾的能保持干净和体面,运垃圾的也干净点,而最后的用途也更大点,何必这样劳民伤财,激起众冤!

 

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