Brook 重排

该反应是1958年加拿大的化学家Brook发现报道的。α-硅基氧负离子通过生成一个五配位硅中间体重排得到α-硅氧基碳负离子的反应称为[1,2]-Brook重排,或[1,2]-硅基迁移。后来发现此类硅迁移反应普遍存在,因此[1,n]-硅基由碳原子迁移到氧原子的反应统称为Brook重排。

硅原子上的取代基可以是脂肪基团或芳香基团,醇可以是仲醇或叔醇,酚也可以发生此反应。常用的碱有胺类、氢氧化钠、有机锂试剂或碱金属合金如钠钾合金

 

反应机理中,首先是碱夺取羟基氢,生成烷氧负离子,然后烷氧负离子作为亲核试剂进攻硅原子,经过环状的硅负离子过渡态(对于 迁移来说是三元环),负电荷转移到碳原子上,Si-C 键断裂生成碳负离子,最后碳负离子从质子供体夺取一个质子生成产物硅基醚。
由于反应中间体为有用的碳负离子,因此可发生进一步的 串联反应。 这一策略作为高效的方法学,正在天然产物合成中获得日渐广泛的应用。
底物为(三苯硅基)甲基苯基原醇时,研究发现反应的活化能并不很高,但活化熵却是十分小的负值,从而证实了反应中环状过渡态的存在。另外,通过研究对位取代基不同的苯基原醇发生反应的哈米特方程结果,也可以证实吸电子基团对反应中碳负离子中间体的稳定作用。
Brook 重排反应的推动力是产物中键能较高的Si-O键的生成。
Brook 重排后得到构型保持的产物。图1、图2中的例子就利用了这个性质,使烃基取代硅烷的(+)-对映体在经过一系列反应后转变为对应的异构体。首先它被氯气氯化为氯硅烷,氯硅烷与二苯甲基锂发生亲核取代作用,伴随构型翻转。然后为了除去二苯甲基,作者首先用N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)将其溴化,接着用乙酸银处理得到醇,然后使其在钠钾合金作用下发生 Brook 重排,生成二苯甲氧基取代的衍生物,并用氢化铝锂将 Si-O 键切断,最终得到需要的烃基硅烷异构体。
Brook 重排后得到构型保持的产物。图3中的例子就利用了这个性质,使烃基取代硅烷的(+)-对映体在经过一系列反应后转变为对应的(−)-异构体。首先它被氯气氯化为氯硅烷,氯硅烷与二苯甲基锂发生亲核取代作用,伴随构型翻转。然后为了除去二苯甲基,作者首先用N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)将其溴化,接着用乙酸银处理得到醇,然后使其在钠钾合金作用下发生 Brook 重排,生成二苯甲氧基取代的衍生物,并用氢化铝锂将 Si-O 键切断,最终得到需要的(−)-烃基硅烷异构体。
Adrian Gibbs G. BROOK

Background

Brook, Adrian Gibbs was born on May 21, 1924 in Toronto. Son of Frank Adrian and Beatrice Maud (Wellington) Brook.

Education

Bachelor, U. Toronto, 1947;Doctor of Philosophy, U. Toronto, 1950.

Career

Lecturer chemistry, U. Saskatchewan, 1950-1951;research fellow, Imperial College, London, 1951-1952;research fellow, Iowa State College, 1952-1953;lecturer chemistry, U. Toronto, 1953-1956;assistant professor, U. Toronto, 1956-1960;associate professor, U. Toronto, 1960-1962;professor, U. Toronto, 1962-1987;university professor, U. Toronto, 1987-1989;university professor emeritus, U. Toronto, since 1989;department chairman chemistry, U. Toronto, 1969-1974. Visiting professor U. Sussex, 1974-1975, Cambridge (England) University, 1982, Indiana U., 1988.

Membership

Fellow Royal Society Canada, Chemical Institute Canada (Counter Intelligence Corps medal 1985). Member American Chemical Society (Frederic Stanley Kipping award 1973).

    Interests

    • Windsurfing, computer hacking.

    Connections

    Married Margaret Ellen Dunn, December 18, 1954. Children— Michael A., Katherine M., David L.

     

     

    Father:
    Frank Adrian Brook
    Mother:
    Beatrice Maud (Wellington) Brook
    Spouse:
    Margaret Ellen Dunn
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