美国网民盘了盘全美铁路现状 离谱到他们自己都不敢信
2023-02-19
本月初,一列载有危险化学品的火车在美国俄亥俄州东巴勒斯坦镇脱轨。“毒火车”事件正不断发酵。然而,这只是今年美国短短一个半月内报告的十多起火车脱轨事故之一。是不是有点匪夷所思?
根据美国交通统计局的数据,从1990年到2021年,美国共发生54539起火车脱轨事故,平均每年1704起。
《新闻周刊》在一篇报道中盘点了近期美国发生的多起火车脱轨事件:1月19日,同样在俄亥俄州,数辆列车在特林韦镇和亚当米尔镇之间脱轨,翻倒的车厢绵延数公里……
More Than a Dozec Trains have derailed in the U.S. this year
另有三起事故发生在南卡罗来纳州:1月9日,莱克城的一列火车撞上了留在铁轨上的一辆空车,造成20节车厢脱轨。1月21日,洛里斯附近多辆装有石块和碎石的列车倾覆。第三起事件发生在埃诺里附近,目前细节尚不清楚。
报道还列举道:2月1日,密歇根州底特律的一列火车从铁轨上脱落,导致多辆车厢悬挂在一座桥的一侧。另一起事件涉及宾夕法尼亚州费城的一列客运列车,事故没有造成人员伤亡。
其余的脱轨事故发生在亚拉巴马州、阿拉斯加州、路易斯安那州和得克萨斯州……这些事故因为没有造成大规模人员伤亡,所以未像“毒火车”事故那样引起广泛关注。
同一列火车同一条铁轨,不同火车同一条铁轨,同一列火车不同铁轨……翻车翻的如此花样百出,如同家常便饭一般,美国人不禁感叹,到底哪里出了问题?!
而这两天,一段关于美国列车的视频火爆推特。视频中,一列火车在连接俄亥俄州与印第安纳州的一段枕木移位下沉、铁轨弯曲变形的铁路上晃晃悠悠前行,破旧蹒跚程度令人难以置信。
以至于有人将此视频上传至核查网站以验明真假,然而得到的答案却让人失望:这就是一段未经造假的真实视频。
美国拜登政府曾通过一项投资庞大的“重建更好未来”计划,其中便包括改善美国基础设施,以解决桥梁、公路等问题。
有网友不禁讽刺,“‘重建更好未来’计划在美国效果怎么样?哦,他(拜登)指的是(重建)乌克兰。”
“庞大的‘重建更好未来’计划的效果估计就跟《通胀削减法案》降低通胀的效果一样。”
有网友说,很难想象美国的铁路竟如此破败不堪,“这看起来就像在‘第三世界’国家拍的”。
但有人不同意,“这更像一个‘第四世界’国家”,并建议:“美国是不是该修整一下自己糟糕的基础设施,而不是无休止地去发动战争。”
但有人说,“8200亿美元的军事预算,豪掷1000亿美元让乌克兰战争延续,但若说我们国内的基础设施需要钱,你就会听到政客们质疑这笔钱该从哪儿来?”
还有网友提到中国,并附上了中国高铁的照片。这名网友写道,看看人家中国,或许,“美国应该从中国那里学习一下铁轨技术?”
美国网民盘了盘全美铁路现状 离谱到他们自己都不敢信
- 2023-02-18 18:19:30来源:凤凰网
A representational image of a train derailment is pictured. Over a dozen such train wrecks have been reported this year, including the recent explosive one in East Palestine, Ohio.WIN MCNAMEE/GETTY IMAGES
(观察者网讯)俄亥俄州“毒气列车”脱轨事故还在持续发酵,当地时间16日密歇根州又一列装危险品火车脱轨,至此美国已在2周内至少发生4起火车脱轨事故,引发哗然一片。
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近来,越来越多美国网民开始关注全国铁路的运行情况,结果令人大跌眼镜:年久失修导致枕木移位下沉、铁轨变形的铁路随处可见,列车翻车脱轨事故更是如吃饭一般稀疏平常,甚至连时隔几个月在同一地点脱轨翻车都是发生过的。
《国会山报》称全美每年平均大约要发生1700多次脱轨事故。号称“世界上最伟大”的先进国家却在基础交通建设上如此拉胯,有人震惊道:“这像是一个第四世界国家!”
美国俄亥俄州“毒气列车”脱轨事故给当地民众带来的恐慌和疑虑还未消除,得克萨斯州、南卡罗来纳州和密歇根州又接连发生了类似的事故。
短短2周,竟发生4起列车脱轨事故,简直匪夷所思。“好几辆列车同时脱轨,这不可能,一定是哪里出了问题!”人们纷纷在推特等社媒平台上发出质疑,不少网民还查询起了美国一些铁路的运营情况。
但不查不知道,一查吓一跳。事实上,全美铁路事故案例层出不穷,一些铁路年久失修到铁轨变形还在“带病上岗”的现状更是触目惊心。
这两天,推特上热传一段最早上传于2017年3月31日的视频,其显示一列货运列车正在一条连接俄亥俄州与印第安纳州的老旧铁路上艰难缓慢行驶,铁轨变形程度严重到令人难以置信。
以至于还有人将这段视频上传至核查网站以辨明真假,得到的答案:童叟无欺,这的确是一段未经造假的真实实拍视频。
有人提到,虽然这段线路在2013年被重新收购后得以大规模修复,但类似这样破败不堪、变形严重铁路在美国并不少见。
密西西比三角洲铁路
不少网民还发出自己看到的,甚至是亲临的列车脱轨视频。而这些事故大多因为没有造成严重伤亡或财产损失,并未被美国媒体大规模报道。
譬如在2021年10月28日,一列运载乙醇的火车在明尼苏达州南部脱轨,约有8节车厢脱轨,4节车厢翻倒,造成当地一十字路口交通堵塞。
美媒CBS曾对此事做出简短报道,称当局表示没有人因此受伤,涉事列车运营方则声称,其中2节车厢的乙醇泄漏进了附近河沟,但对当地水道没有影响。
还有2022年2月,在密苏里州堪萨斯城也发生过一起列车脱轨事故。福克斯新闻称,当时有6节车厢脱轨,导致几条铁路暂时关闭,也是无人受伤。
离谱的来了——10个月后(12月12日),另一列火车在同一条铁路轨道的同一个地方脱轨了……
而目前这条铁路别说修缮了,甚至还在正常运行中。
列车脱轨频繁到“遍地开花”,后知后觉的美国网民不禁长叹一口气:“想知道2023年了火车还能怎么脱轨吗?来看看这个……”“求求了,把这该死的铁轨修一修吧!”
有人心酸道,“即使是欧洲最贫穷的国家,以及亚洲大部分国家,都有比我们更好的铁路系统。”
其中,有不少人提到中国:
“和中国给欧洲造的铁路比比看。每个月,1000多列货运列车将货物从中国运往几十个欧洲城市——从汉堡到伦敦和马德里。”
而此时此刻的美国,自己的基建预算抠抠搜搜,反倒爽快地“向乌克兰砸了1000亿美元。”
说起这事,有美国网民直接炸锅了,“这就是地球上最富有、最强大国家的基础设施。美国正在成为第三世界的笑话。也许我们是时候照顾好自己,而不是为别人打仗了???”
“美国现在像一个第四世界国家。它应该修复自己糟糕的基础设施,而不是发动无休止的战争。”
美国人权活动家、政治分析家Ajamu Baraka也就此事发声。
他转发了一则美国火车在弯曲铁轨上缓慢危险行驶的视频,在配文中写道:“这是所有掌权者都知道,但不希望让美国人民明白的现实:缺乏公共投资和对社会和经济基础设施的控制,已经让美国沦落到‘发展中’国家的地位。”
美国铁路问题早就是沉疴宿疾。美媒《国会山报》去年就曾报道称,从1990年美国交通统计局开始追踪列车脱轨事故和人员受伤情况算起,截至2021年一共发生54539起火车脱轨事故,平均每年发生1704次脱轨事故。
不过这篇报道仍是“挽尊”表示,虽然脱轨事故的统计量相当惊人,但“万幸”由脱轨直接导致的死亡人数不多,截至2021年共有131人死于火车脱轨,平均每年有4人在脱轨事故中死亡。
文中甚至与“2021年全美共有42915人死于交通事故”的数据作对比,称美国人死于火车脱轨的几率“远远小于车祸、货轮事故和空难”。
另据美媒《新闻周刊》、美联社等13日报道,根据美国联邦铁路管理局安全分析办公室的官方数据,从2013年到2022年的十年间,美国铁路发生各类事故109963起,脱轨事故12441次,死亡7939人,平均每天30.1次事故,每天3.4次脱轨,每天死2.2人。
其中,2021年发生了1087起列车脱轨事故,相当于平均每月约发生90起,每天3起。
而今年年初以来,短短一个半月里,包括上文提到过的四起脱轨事故,全美目前已经发生了十几起铁路事故。
大部分事故要么发生在偏远地区,要么是空车运载、或是车上载有谷物等无毒货物,没有造成较为严重的事故后果,因此事故情况几乎都只以简讯形式出现,很少受到众人关注。
报道还提到,美国交通部数据显示,每年约有450万吨有毒化学品通过铁路运输,平均每天有1.2万辆运载危险品的轨道车经过城镇。
这运行在破败铁路上的一节节载有危险品的货车,对于周边居民来说无疑是“行走的”危险源。但按照美国联邦铁路管理局的说法,这么做是因为铁路是“长途运输大量危险物质最安全的渠道”。
频繁发生的脱轨事故让美国民众对列车安全以及美国交通部对铁路系统的监管产生了质疑。而这背后暴露的,是铁路公司多年来最大化追求利润、导致安全隐患持续累积的必然后果,也是整个美国铁路系统“唯利是图”的一个缩影。
在美国大型货运铁路公司看来,铁路的首要功能是“赚钱工具”,而非“关键基础设施”。所以,降低成本提高效率、确保收益落入高管腰包,成为它们的核心关切。
以俄亥俄州脱轨列车所属的诺福克南方铁路公司为例,据美媒报道,它持续花钱进行成本控制,包括游说国会和负责制定交通规则的行政机构,“反对额外的限速和安装ECP制动系统”,同时不断增加列车长度、减少检查时间、增加发车频率、大幅削减铁路员工等。
加州大学伯克利分校公共政策教授、克林顿政府时期的美国劳工部长Robert Reich特别提到,在俄亥俄州火车事故发生的前几年里,诺福克南方铁路公司裁员9600人,并将股东分红提高了4500%,“伙计们,这就是企业贪婪的样子。”
更为讽刺的是,拜登上任总统后的首要立法任务之一就是“搞基建”,他声称美国将大兴土木建造道路、桥梁、港口、机场等。
2021年11月,一份原本雄心勃勃的基建法案在两党拉锯下,从4万亿美元一步步缩水到1.2万亿美元,艰难成功签署。但当一切以利益为导向,这份基建计划能在多大程度上改善美国基础设施,惠及普通民众,得打个问号。
俄亥俄州“毒列车”脱轨事故后,美国环境保护局局长时隔13天后才在东巴勒斯坦现身,嘴上说着“当地水质安全”,但拒绝了在当地接一杯自来水喝的要求;交通部长也在事发10天后才公开发声,可话里话外都在推卸责任,还将事故归咎于前政府。美媒称,他在此次危机中因应对不力备受批评。
美国前民主党前众议员图尔西·加巴德近日桀纣福克斯新闻连线时,对拜登政府开炮,“这事怪不得我们的人民不相信领导人,拜登政府对事故的回应进一步证明他们根本不关心美国人民。”
2022年美政府拨款950万美元,宣称要修缮一段93.7km长的铁路,其曾是美国所有铁路中脱轨率最高的铁路之一
More Than a Dozen Trains Have Derailed in the U.S. This Year
https://www.newsweek.com/more-dozen-trains-have-derailed-us-this-year-1780952
BY THOMAS KIKAVideos Show Massive Fire In Ohio After Train DerailmentThe explosive train derailment that recently led to the evacuation of an Ohio town was among more than a dozen reported rail wrecks in the U.S. since the year began.
On February 3, a tanker train derailed in the Ohio town of East Palestine, near the state border with Pennsylvania. The crash led to multiple explosions and chemical leaks, prompting the governors of both states to issue evacuation notices for the town and its surrounding areas. Controlled burns of the vinyl chloride from the train's tanks were initiated, with residents warned that the air could be flooded with dangerous gases like phosgene and hydrogen chloride.
The fiery crash was one of more than a dozen train derailments reported in the U.S. this year, only 1 1/2 months in. Another wreck, on January 19, also occurred in Ohio, with several train cars stretching over miles derailing between the towns of Trinway and Adam's Mill, according to the Times Recorder. It was considerably less destructive than the one in East Palestine, as the cars were empty, though cleanup efforts were projected to last for a week.
Most of the reported crashes this year, three in total, occurred in South Carolina, though one has not been fully confirmed by Newsweek. The first took place January 9 in Lake City, with 20 cars derailing after the train struck an empty car left on the tracks. No injuries or deaths were reported. The next one occurred near Loris January 21, involving multiple cars carrying rocks and gravel tipping, which tipped over. The third incident, reportedly near Enoree on Monday, remains a developing story, with few details available.
Two other crashes took place in remote parts of California, with at least one reportedly carrying grain. No details emerged about the other train's cargo, though officials did confirm that the derailment did not result in any leaks.
A pair of derailments notably occurred in major metro areas. On February 1, a train fell off the tracks in Detroit, Michigan, leaving several cars hanging over the side of a bridge. The other incident involved a passenger train in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which resulted in no deaths or injuries.
The remaining derailments that Newsweek could verify took place in Alabama, Alaska, Louisiana and Texas. The Bureau of Transportation Statistics found that 54,539 train derailments occurred in the U.S. from 1990 to 2021, an average of 1,704 per year. While that statistic may be higher than most would expect, deaths from derailments are much less common, with the bureau's findings placing the yearly average at four since 1990.
Newsweek has reached out to the U.S. Department of Transportation for comment.
'Hundreds' of Dead Fish Found After Ohio Train Releases Toxic Chemicals
Hundreds of fish were discovered dead in a stream running through East Palestine, Ohio, after a Norfolk Southern Railway train derailed more than a week ago.
Officials decided to conduct a controlled burn of the toxic chemicals contained within the train cars to prevent an explosion that could potentially cause more harm. The burn released an ominous plume of black smoke in the air. Five of the train cars contained vinyl chloride, a human carcinogen.
An evacuation order has since been lifted, but residents are still recognizing the devastating effects of the derailment, specifically the impacts on wildlife.
Two days after the controlled burn began on February 6, Pittsburg news station KDKA reported that hundreds of fish were found "belly up" in the Leslie Run stream.
KDKA shared a clip of Ohio officials speaking at a press conference, where one official admitted that there were impacts to wildlife after the chemical spill.
"The impact to the fish—yes, there was an impact to those," he said.
The official went on to say that groundwater was safe to use, but environmental mitigation tools were being used to sift out any potential chemicals that made their way into the stream.
The fish aren't the only animals fatally impacted. One wildlife rescuer's fox died in his arms after the chemicals plumed into the air, and another fox broke its leg when fleeing after the train derailment caused a loud noise.
Taylor Holzer, who lives near East Palestine but keeps his foxes and other exotic animals at a property inside the evacuation zone, told Newsweek that he was unable to evacuate the animals in time. He brought four of the sickest foxes to the vet. One has since been released. Holzer said that other animals have been impacted as well, such as coyotes and wild birds.
Many residents took to social media to learn the detrimental effects of vinyl chloride burn. Norfolk Southern Railway Regional Manager Hazardous Materials Scott Deutsch defended the decision and said by burning the chemicals during the day, fumes could "disperse more quickly" according to Cleveland.com. If the rail cars had exploded, debris would be unable to be controlled and could cause more harm, according to Deutsch.
Officials monitored the air quality and eventually lifted the evacuation order. However, residents are posting on social media saying they are concerned about the lingering effects and are unsure if they should trust government officials when discussing water quality.
University of Notre Dame Associate Professor Kyle Doudrick told Newsweek that the extent of the harmful effects depends on how much vinyl chloride was released.
"Vinyl chloride is mobile in water, which means if it does enter the ground or surface water that it can easily move downstream," Doudrick said, noting that vinyl chloride has a short half-life in the atmosphere, so much of the concern will be regarding short-term impacts rather than long-term.
"Both the aquatic life and atmospheric impacts would depend on the amount that was spilled," he said.
Newsweek reached out to Norfolk Southern Railway for comment.