中国减少社会阻力的智慧
Frank (Hongde) Li
对于社会治理而言，主要存在四大阻力。
一是社会治理要面对的是那些具有自私天性、独立思考能力强、倾向于按照自己偏好行事的人，这将对社会治理产生负面影响。
二是由于社会治理的改善可能引起人们对不确定的社会变化带来的潜在风险的恐慌，大多数人会抵制改革。
三是社会治理的改善会涉及一些社会改革，会引发社会利益的重新分配，必然会遭到利益集团的强烈抵制。
四是人们的思维方式和行为方式被习惯的旧传统或过时的意识形态所支配。1926年英国经济学家凯恩斯在《自由放任的终结》中指出：“许多原有理由的强制力已经消失，但结论的生命力却比它们更持久。”
这些行为是人类与生俱来的本能，不分种族，不分国籍，也不分政治模式——一党专制还是多党民主。中国经济改革的过程，就是努力减少和克服这种社会阻力的过程。中国经济改革的成功，也得益于悠久文明的智慧。
都是通过地方试点，然后总结出可行的经验，广泛传播。深圳市就是很好的例子。
中国把位于广东深圳附近的蛇口小村作为试验区，独立制定政策，不提供任何财政支持。试验区面积小，社会阻力小，更重要的是，社会上关于试验区做法的传言，起到了心理疫苗的作用，缓解了人们面对不确定的社会变化时的恐慌。
然后，用令人信服的成功经验更新政策，在全国推广，以点带线，以线带面，即使有心理准备，也能坚持很多年，否则，即使在一党专政下也无能为力。深圳就是这样从一个渔村诞生的；如今的深圳是中国技术革命的推动力。
改革开放前，很多人为了更好的生活逃到香港，后来又被抓回来，被拥挤地关押在一起。当时大多数官员都建议以叛徒论处。
但是，面对被关押的这些人，习近平的父亲习仲勋却含泪说，这不是你们的错，是我们的错，我们没有让你们过上好日子。
广东省委请求中央出面阻止逃港潮。邓小平一支支地吸烟，许久不说话。然后说，一定要要发展经济，改善人民生活。
现在，有数百万香港人在深圳和中国其他城市工作。
这样迂回的方式，在新政策大规模推行之前，先行试点，纠正了不合适的做法。更重要的是，通过民间传播，减少了人们对未知改革的恐慌；因为大多数人已经了解了改革的细节，知道了改革的好处，并做好了心理准备。因此改革的推行阻力很小，不会像其他国家那样，在没有流血冲突的情况下导致社会动乱。
Gov-authorize non-partisan Super Leadership to assist social governance
--- A letter to Jean Chrétien the 20th Prime Minister of Canada
Frank Jan. 30 – Feb. 25, 2016, in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Updated in July 28, Aug. 9, 2016. Nov. 26, 2018. Jan. 18, 2019
http://www.kwcg.ca/bbs/home.php?mod=space&uid=61910&do=blog&id=4055
China tries to avoid resistance, not overcome with riots
The success of China's economic reform was derived from the well understanding for human inborn nature and the culture of Ancient civilization.
For social governance, there are four main resistances.
First one is that has to deal with people who are with innate selfish nature and are capable in independent thinking and tend to act according to own preferred accord, which will negatively affect social governance.
Second one is that due to the improvement of social governance may cause the panic for potential risks from the uncertain social changes; the most of people would resist the reform.
Third one is that the improvement of social governance would involve in some social reform with the redistribution of social interest, and it would certainly encounter the fierce resistance of interest group.
Fourth one is that the way of thinking and behaving of people is dominated by accustomed old tradition or outdated ideologies. In The end of laissez-faire 1926, the British economist Keynes indicates that: “The compelling force of many of the original reasons has disappeared but, as usual, the vitality of the conclusions outlasts them.”
Such behaviors caused by the inborn nature of human beings, in regardless the race, regardless the nationality and regardless the political model - one party dictatorship or multiparty democracy.
The process of China's economic reform was the process of making efforts to reduce and overcome such social resistance.
The success of China's economic reform was also benefited from the wisdom of long civilization in written records.
Oct. 2, 2014, in article Why did China not produce harmful native religions, I indicate that: “People appreciate the 5,000 years continuous civilization of China, however, most of people have overlooked the nature of the civilization, the valuable point, is not in the length of time, but, in the continuously documented historical facts – the facts in success and failure, which made valuable references, so that the future generations can avoid to repeat mistakes with lesser Detour.”
"The accumulation of experiences is wisdom.”
“The wisdom from 2400 years ago China lessons us that, the ordinary people can happily share in enjoying fruit, but they never willingly share the effort in growing the fruit. A rational government has to enforce them to do something that will benefit to them, but, do not expect to convince them in advance.”
Here needs to specially point out that, in 2400 years ago China, the philosophical text Tao Te Ching said that “the governance of a big country is as that of cooking a piece of small sea food”, it meant that a matter easily broken, and must be very careful.
These ancient teachings were paid attention by the successive governments of China. It was the fundamental of social stability and economic prosperity in more than 2000 years. It was the main reason that China’s economy leading the world before British launching the Opium Wars to interrupt the normal development of China. Now, China is quickly regaining leading position in economy.
China's economic reform was a process that tries to avoid social resistances by seeking a roundabout way that can avoid obstacles. Rather than simply overcome with recklessly causing social riots.
China authorized Shekou, a small village nearby Shenzhen city in Guangdong province, as test zone with independent policy making without financing support. The limited area under the name of test has an advantage in less social resistance and more importantly, the social rumors about the practices in the test zone have played a role as a vaccine as psychological immune for relieving people’s panic when facing uncertain social changes.
And then, by convincing successful experiences update the policies for national promotion, by which from point to line, and then from line to area, which last many years even if was in the ready psychological environment, otherwise, even if in the one party dictatorship also could do nothing. The Shenzhen city was born in this way from a Fishing Village; Now Shenzhen city is powerhouse in driving technical revolution of China.
Before economic reform, there were many people flea to Hongkong for a better life and to be captured and sent back, those people were held in the over crowned place. Most officials suggested punishing them as traitors, but when facing those detained people, Xi Zhongxun, the father of Xi Jinping said with tears, this is not your fault, but is ours; we did not make a good life for you. Deng Xiaoping said, we must develop economy to improve the life of people.
Now, there are millions people work in Shenzhen and other cites of China from HongKong.
