目录 Content：13.1 欲界 Desire Boundary；13.1.1 地狱趣 Hell Interest；13.1.2 畜生趣 Livestock Interest；13.1.3 饿鬼趣 Hungry Ghost Interest；13.1.4 修罗趣 Asura Interest；13.1.5 人趣 Human Interest；13.1.6 欲天趣 Desire Sky Interest；13.2 色界 Color Boundary；13.3 无色界 Colorless Boundary；13.4 统观大千世界 General View of the Great Grand Worlds.
苦谛谈三千大千世界（如图13.1）的众生相是一大苦具。三千大千世界是由十亿尘刹土世界构成的。尘刹土是一瞬间的感知，亦作一小世界。土是身土义，亦作佛。佛是梵语，觉义，圣人义。古人称一千位一小千，一百万为一中千，十亿为一大千。古人在读时，先看见三组三个零，就读出了三千，又看见三千是一个数字，就读成了 三千大千世界。实际上三千大千世界和大千世界的意义相同。
The Bitter Crux talks about phenomena that Three-Grand Great-Grand World of sentient beings are a big bitter aggregate. The Three-Grand Great-Grand World is composed of 1,000,000,000 “dust instant soils”. The “dust instant soils” means the momentary body and mind, is also called “a small world”. The soil means perception, Buddha. Buddha is a Pali word, means Perception, sage. The ancients called a thousand a small grand, a million a medium grand, and a billion a great grand. When the ancients read it, they first saw three groups of three zeros and read "three grands". Then saw that three thousand are one number, so they read it as "three-grand great-grand world”. In fact, the Three-Grand Great-Grand World and the Great-Grand World have the same meaning.
13.1 欲界 Desire Boundary (Fig.13.1-23)
依据对根本十戒的遵守与违犯，古德把众生分成了六类，称作六道，或六趣。根本十戒亦可分为十恶戒和十善戒。十恶戒是：（一）杀生，（二）偷盗，（三）邪淫， （四）妄语，（五）绮语，（六）恶口，（七）两舌，（八）悭贪，（九）嗔恚，（十）邪见。古人根据对十恶戒的违犯程度，把恶人分成了三类，称作三恶趣（如图22至20），或三恶道，分别是地狱趣、畜生趣、和恶鬼趣。
不作以上十恶，就是十善：（一）不杀生，或不唯不行杀害，更能实行救护；（二）不偷盗，或不唯不行非予取，更能实行给施；（三）不邪淫，或不唯不行淫邪，更能实行清净。此前三戒是身戒，是约束身体行为的戒律。什么是不杀生？如自己不亲自杀生，不帮助别人杀生，不制造运输杀人的武器装备，不建议怂恿和歌颂死亡。
Based on the observance or violation of the Ten Fundamental Precepts, Ancient Virtues divided all living beings into six categories, called the six paths, or six interests. The Ten Fundamental Precepts can also be divided into the Ten Ferocious Precepts and the Ten Benevolent Precepts. The ten ferocious precepts are: 1. killing, 2. stealing, 3. heretical sexual conduction, 4. delusional speech, 5. flowery speech, 6. ferocious speech, 7. two-tongue, 8. stingy greed, 9. hatred irritability, and 10. heretic. According to the degree of violation of the ten ferocious precepts, the ancients divided the ferocious sentient beings into three categories called the Three Ferocious Interests (cf. figs. 22 to 20), or the Three Ferocious Paths, which are the hell interests, the livestock interests, and the hungry ghost interests.
Not committing the above ten ferocities are the Ten Benevolences: (1) not to kill, or not only not to kill but also to save lives; (2) not to steal, or not only not to steal but also to practice donation; (3) not to commit heretical sex, or not only not to commit heretical sex but also to practice immaculateness. The previous three precepts are body precepts that govern bodily physical behavior. What is it to refrain from killing? Such as one does not kill personally, does not help others to kill, does not manufacture or transport weapons and equipment for killing, does not recommend encourage and eulogize death.
（四）不妄语，或不唯不行诳惑，更能言说真实语；（五）不绮语，或不唯不行魅惑，更能作利益语。（六）不恶口，或不唯不行粗犷，更能善言安慰；（七）不两舌，或不唯不行离间，更能从中调和。此四是口戒。
（八）不悭贪，或不唯不行悭吝，更能进行施舍；（九）不嗔恚，或不唯不行愤恚，更能恒生慈念；（十）不邪见，或不唯不行邪见，更能信行四谛因果理。此三是意戒。
古人根据对此十善戒的违犯程度，把善人分成了三类，分别是修罗趣（如图19），人趣（如图18），和天趣（如图15至1）。六趣亦作六道，是说此类人正行进在去往地狱、恶鬼等处的道路上。本章后文对此六趣做进一步的分析和辨别。
(4) not to speak delusionally, or not only not to muddle and deceive, but also to speak truthfully; (5) not to use flowery speech, or not only not to seduce, but also to speak for the benefit of others. (6) not to speak of coarse ferocious language, or not only not to speak ferociously, but also to speak kindly to console; (7) not to two-tongue, not only not to sow discord, but also to conciliate and harmonize. The four are oral precepts.
(8) not to be stingy greed, or not only not to be stingily greed, but also to perform donation; (9) not to be resentfully irritated, or not only not to be angry, but also to be able to bear merciful spell; (10) not to be heretical, or not only not to be heretical, but also be able to believe and implement the causes and fruits of the Four Victorious Cruxes. The three are intentional precepts.
According to the degree of violation of these Ten Good Precepts, Ancient Virtues divided the good people into three categories, namely, Asura Interest (cf. fig. 19), Human Interest (cf. fig. 18), and Sky Interest (cf. figs. 15 to 1). The six Interests are also known as Six Paths; Path mean that such people are traveling on the road to hell, hungry ghost, and so on places. These six interests are further analyzed and identified below in this chapter.
古德又根据众生的种性把众生分成了三界。界是因义，种子义，是生命之树的四大种之一（参见11.2节的四大种）。欲界，如插图13.1-35所示，义为此界众生，都是从欲望的种子而有，都有饮食、睡眠、性交等色声香味触五欲。那还有没有欲望的人吗？插图36是色界，那种境界的人没有男女差别，也没有饮食的欲望，和睡眠的需求。插图37是无色界，是纯粹的思想意识状态，没有身体的感觉，自然就没有饮食、睡眠、和性生活的需求。
The ancient sages divided all sentient beings into three boundaries according to their seed nature. The boundary means cause, seed, is one of the four big seeds (cf. section 11.2) of the Tree of Life. Desire Boundary, as shown in Illustrations 13.1-35, means that all beings in this boundary are born from the seeds of desires, have the five desires of color, sound, smell, taste, and touch, such as eating, sleeping, and sexual intercourse. Are there any who have no desires? Fig. 36 is Color Boundary, where there is no difference between men and women, and there is no desire for food, drink, or sleep. Fig. 37 is Colorless Boundary, which are pure conscious states, with no bodily feelings, so naturally there is no need at all for food, drink, sleep, or sexual intercourse.
13.1.1 地狱趣 Hell Interest (Fig. 13.1.1-22)
地狱义为心路绝处，不幸处，是犯了五逆罪或上品十恶罪的人所去的，吃苦受折磨的地方。在三恶道，即地狱道、畜生道、和饿鬼道中，地狱是火途，谓此道是恶人受炽火烧烤的旅途（如插图13.1.1-22）。
Hell means the place of despair and misfortune. It is where people who commit “Five Crimes of Anti” or the upper grade of “Ten-Ferocity Crimes” go, where they suffer and are tortured. Among the three evil paths, namely the hell path, livestock path, and hungry ghost path, hell is fire path, which means that this path is a journey where evil people are roasted by fiery fire (as shown in Figure 13.1.1-22).
13.1.1.1 五逆罪 Five Crimes of Anti
五逆是指弑父，杀母，出神身血，杀阿罗汉，破和合僧。一般人都是由父母抚养长大的，杀害自己的父母，会破坏内心的环境，患精神病，也就是堕入地狱。
神的外貌是人思维机制中的默认模型，亦作大种（参见11.2《四大种》）。当大种有变化时，依其所造的一切都会随着改变，所以人看见流血的神会引起神经错乱，所以说出神身血会堕入地狱（即患精神病，案例参见10.8 《神的外貌》。另外，盗、毁、和诽谤神佛的常驻物也属于出神身血罪。神佛的常驻物如神龛，佛像，庙宇、以及庙宇中的器具等。
The Five Antis are patricide, matricide, bleeding god’s body, killing an Ararat, and to ruin monk making. People are generally raised by their parents, when they kill their parents, they destroy their inner environment and suffer from mental illness, which means they fall into hell.
The appearance of God is the default model in mind mechanism, also known as the big seed (see 11.2 "Four Big Seeds"). When the big seed changes, everything created by it will change accordingly. Therefore, seeing God bleeding will cause mental disorder, so saying that bleeding God's body will cause people to fall into hell (i.e. suffer from mental illness, for examples, see 10.8 "Godly Appearances"). In addition, stealing, destroying, and slandering the permanent dwelling objects of Gods and Buddhas also belong to the sin of bleeding God. The permanent objects of Gods and Buddhas include shrines, Buddha statues, temples, and vessels in temples, etc.
杀阿罗汉就是杀佛。罗汉山是对成就罗汉果（参见15.2.6《四沙门果》）圣人的称呼，亦作金刚山，佛。
破和合僧就是破坏上帝三人组（即神父，金童（亚当），和玉女（夏娃）；参见10.9《上帝的三和合》）的合成。僧义为上帝的社区，即上帝的三和合。例如本书15.4节《墨西哥法典》中，当墨西哥（亦作金童，亚当，特拉洛克，狮子）从地狱里反回到纳瓦特国后，翠玉女（即玉女，夏娃）拒绝把王位转交给墨西哥。这时月亮女神苦尤姬（如图26）带兵围住了圣城，要挟天道轮回的守护女神蔻特鹠鸺（Coatlicue），要从废黜的金童中选举出一位特拉洛克。墨西哥说： “如果民主选举能造出特拉洛克（即佛），左翼蜂鸟（即神父）就没必要牺牲自己来造特拉洛克了。” 说着，他就砍下了月亮女神苦尤姬的头，并把她的尸体肢解成了许多块儿（如图25所示）。就这样，这位月亮女神立刻成为了一位亚特兰蒂斯（义为大西洋的叛逆者，如图26），沉没到了大西洋底。
Killing an Ararat is killing a Buddha. Mountain Ararat is a fame for a sage who has achieved the Ararat Fruit (see 15.2.6 "Four Shamanic Fruits”), also known as Philosopher-Stone Mountain, Buddha.
To ruin monk making, English word Monk is Sanskrit word Sangha, means the community of Godly trinity (see 10.9 “Godly Trinity”). To ruin Monk making is to destroy the combination of the Godly Trinity, Godfather, Gold Boy (Adam), and Jade Girl (Eve). For example, in section 15.4 of this book, "Mexican Codex", when Mexico (also known as the Gold Boy, Tlaloc, Adam, Great Black Sky, and Jaguar) returned to the Nahuatl Kingdom from hell, Chalchiuhtlicue (i.e., Jade Girl, Eve) refused to hand over the throne to Mexico. At this time, the moon goddess Coyolxauhqui (as shown in Figure 26) led a siege to the sacred city Coatepec, threatened the Godly Cycle Guardian, Coatlicue, to elect a Tlaloc from the deposed Gold Boys. Mexico said: "If democratic elections can create Tlaloc (i.e., Buddha), there is no need for Huitzilopochtli (i.e., the Godfather, new sun god) to sacrifice himself to create Tlaloc." As he said this, he chopped off the head of the moon goddess Coyolxauhqui and dismembered her body into many pieces (as shown in Figure 25). In this way, Coyolxauhqui, an emerging Mount Ararat, immediately became one of Atl-anti-s (Atlantis means Atlantic rebels) and sank to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.
插图23是公元七世纪墨西哥的帕卡尔（Pakal）王的棺材盖板，显示特拉洛克（又名金童，狮子）在得知神父过世的信息后，体内发生了爆炸，堕入了地狱（即患了精神病），如狮子头在火匣中所表示。整幅图像似人在操纵一部机器，表明特拉洛克在地狱中觉悟到了 “五逆和十恶罪” 是对心理机制的逆操作，从而他觉悟到了人神契约（参见16.2节）。
Illustration 23 is the coffin cover of King Pakal of Mexico in the seventh century CE., showing that after learning about the death of his godfather, Tlaloc (also known as the Golden Child, Jaguar) exploded inside his body and fell into hell (i.e., he became mentally ill), as represented by the Jaguar's head in the firebox. The whole image looks like a person operating a machine, indicating that Tlaloc realized in hell that the "five anti crimes and ten ferocious deeds" are the reverse operation of mind mechanism, thus he realized The Covenant Ark (see Section 16.2).
13.1.1.2 上品十恶 Top Ten Ferocities
本文从对境增上，对烦恼心增上，和对所作事增上，这三个方面来辨别地狱趣。
（一）对心理环境增上，如杀父、弑母、出神身血、杀阿罗汉、破和合僧；再如毁盗宗教常住物，欺诳君父师长等。
（二）对烦恼心增上，如极重嗔缠，猛利嗔愤等。
（三）对事增上，如数数杀生，数数偷盗，数数邪见，日积月累不改悔等。
以要言之，纯从分别见惑所发恶业，名为上品十恶，是地狱因。
This article identifies the hellish interest in terms of the three aspects of the escalation to environments of heart, the escalation to vexatious heart, and the escalation to affairs.
(1) Escalation to the psychological environments, such as killing father, killing mother, bleeding God, killing Ararat, breaking the production of godly trinity; and destroying or stealing religious permanent relics, deceiving leader of the state, father, and teachers, etc.
(2) Escalation to vexatious heart, such as extremely heavy irritable entanglement, extremely ferocious hate, and indignation, etc.
(3) Escalation to affairs, such as again and again killing sentients, again and again stealing and robbing, again and again being heretical, accumulating days and months without repentance, etc.
To summarize, the ferocious karmas that arise purely from the discriminative view muddles are called the Top Ten Ferocities, and it is the cause of hell.
13.1.1.3 八寒八热地狱 Eight Cold and Eight Hot Hells
地狱有八寒，八热大地狱，一百零八游增地狱等说法。八寒八热等大狱，各有眷属，其类无数。此狱众生，随其作业轻重，经劫不定。罪重者，一日之中，数十次生死劫难。寿命不定，极长者可达一劫。
地狱趣的寿命怎么这么长？前文说了，大千世界谈的是业，业相互熏染，可存活数十、百年，例如传统（也是业）能流传数千年。
There are eight cold great hells, eight hot great hells, and 108 temporary supplement hells. Eight cold and eight hot great hells, each has its own families and affiliations, categories are countless. The sentient beings in the prisons, depending on the severity of their karma makings, experience uncertain. Those who have committed serious crimes suffer dozens of death-and-alive disasters in one day. Their lifespans are uncertain, the extremely long one can reach a catastrophe.
Why do hell interests have such a long lifespan? As mentioned earlier, what the world is talking about is karma, and karma infects each other, can survive for tens or hundreds of years. For example, traditions (also karmas) can be passed down for thousands of years.
八寒地狱 Eight Cold Hells
（一）疱，寒苦触身，如疮疱故。
（二）疱裂，谓寒苦所逼，疱即拆裂也。
（三）阿吒吒，谓寒苦增极，舌作此声也。
（四）阿波波，谓寒苦增极，唇作此声也。
(1) Blister, cold bitter touches their bodies, like sores, hence the hell gets the name.
(2) Blister Cracking, that means that Blisters are forced by cold bitterness, the blisters burst immediately, hence the hell gets the name.
(3) Azhazha, it is said that due to the cold bitters, the tongue makes this sounds.
(4) Abobo, it is said that the cold bitters are increasing, the lips make this sounds.
（五）呕喉，谓寒苦增极，喉作此声也。
（六）青莲花，谓寒逼皮肉开拆，色似此花也。
（七）红莲花，谓寒逼肉色大拆，似此花也。
（八）白莲花，谓寒逼皮肉脱落，骨色似此花也。
(5) Ouhoho, it is said that the cold bitters are increasing to their extreme, the throat makes this sounds.
(6) Turquoise Lotus Flower, saying that being forced by coldness, skins crack and fleshes are exposed, the colors are like the flower.
(7) Red Lotus Flower, saying that being forced by coldness, fleshes are torn apart, just like this flower.
(8) White Lotus Flower, saying that being forced by coldness, skins and fleshes are falling off, the bones’ colors are like this flower.
八热地狱 Eight Hot Hells
（一）等活，谓其中众生，互相嗔忿，斫剌磨捣，死已复活，活已复死。
（二）黑绳，如世人以锯解木，此狱狱卒以黑绳劈锯罪犯，故此得名黑绳地狱。
（三）众合，众山四合，碎身成尘，故而得名。
（四）嚎叫，把罪犯置于大镬中，沸汤烹煮，罪犯号啕叫唤，故而得名号叫地狱。
(1) Equal Alive, means that all living beings in it are angry with each other, being stabbed and tortured; the dead have been resurrected, and the living die again.
(2) Black Rope, like daily life people sawing wood by a saw, the jailers saw criminals with a black rope, so it is called the Black Rope Hell.
(3) Crowds Gathering, crowds of mountains are gathering toward those criminals, their bodies are squashed into dusts, hence the hell gets the name.
（五）大嚎叫，把狱犯放在热铁鏊中，受煎熬苦，狱犯急极切大叫，故名。
（六）炎热，谓烈火猛焰，烧炙糜烂，故名。
（七）炙热，谓置于火中，内外烧害，故名。
（八）无间地狱，谓受苦无有间歇也。无间有五义：一者趣果无间，谓有极重罪者，向此地狱接近，受其果报，无有间歇；二者受苦无间，谓在此狱，受诸痛苦，无有间歇；三者时无间，谓此狱中，众生在一切时节都受苦，无有间歇；四者命无间，谓此地狱，生而复死，死已还生，无有间歇；五者形无间，谓此地狱，受罪众生，生死往复，身形瞬变，无有间歇。
(4) Howling, the criminals are put in a big wok, are boiled together with the soup, those criminals are desperately howling, hence the hell get the name.
(5) Great Howling, the prisoners are put into the hot iron griddle, let them suffer being fried and boiled, those prisoners are desperately howling, hence the name.
(6) Flaming Hot, means that criminals are roasted by raging fire and fierce flames, whole bodies are eroding, hence the name.
(7) Red-Hot, means that those prisoners are put in fires, Internal and external all burns, hence the name.
(8) Non-intermission Hell means suffering without a break. Non-intermission has five significances. First significance is succeeding interest’s fruits are non-intermission, the saying is that those who have committed extremely serious crimes approach this hell and receive its retribution fruits without intermission. Secondly, in the hell, the receiving bitter is non-intermission. Thirdly, in the hell, prisoners are tortured all the time, non-intermission. Fourth, life is non-intermission. The saying is that in the hell, death after birth, birth after death repeatedly, non-intermission. Fifth is form non-intermission, means that in this hell, sentient beings are suffering birth and death continuously none stop, and their bodily forms transforms instantly, non-intermission.
13.1.2 畜生趣 Livestock Interest (Fig. 13.1.2-21)
畜生，性鲁钝，不能自立，只能被畜养于人类（如插图13.1.2-21，23，24），故得此名，如禽兽鱼虫等。作恶业愚痴多之众生感生此道。在三恶道中，畜生趣亦作血途，谓畜生之类互相撕咬、吞食。作中品十恶者，感此道生。此处约境、约心、约事来辨别畜生趣。
（一）境中品者，如杀鬼畜，盗鬼畜物等。
（二）心中品者，烦恼不轻，亦不极猛利等。
（三）事中品者，或作再三等。
以要言之，杂从见爱烦恼所发恶业，名为中品十恶，故是畜生因。爱的第一分（参见11.1 法的四分）是贪，爱烦恼泛指一切思惑（参见14.3《烦恼的数》中的81品思惑）。
Livestock, reckless dull in nature, unable to live on their own, can only be raised by humans (as shown in Illustration 13.1.2-21, 23, 24), hence the name, such as fowl, beast, fish, insect, etc. Sentient beings who have done ferocious karma and have many fools are inductively born on this path. Among the three evil paths, Livestock interest is path of blood, that is, livestock and the like bite and devour each other. The middle grade of ten ferocities give birth to this interest, here, associating with environment, with heart, and with affair to distinguish the livestock interest.
(1) The middle grade of ferocious environments, are such as killing ghost and livestock, stealing ghosts’ and livestock’s properties, etc.
(2) Middle grade of ferocious heart, has annoyances not light, nor is extremely fierce and sharp, etc.
(3) Middle grade of ferocious affair, or do it again, repeatedly, etc.
In brief, the evil karma randomly arising from the love vexation is called the ten ferocities of the middle grade and is therefore the cause of the livestock. The first juristic quadrant (see section 11.1 Juristic Quadrants) of love is greed, and the love annoyance generalizes to all the mean muddles (see section 14.3 for the significances of mean muddle).
畜生趣遍在诸处，两足四足，多足无足，水陆空行，互相吞啖。此道有情多愚痴贪欲。种类至繁，无量无数，兹约数义以括之：
（一）就形言，有披毛戴角鳞甲等之别。
（二）就依处言，有水陆空行等之别。
（三）就陆地言，重者土内，中者山林，轻者人所畜养。
（四）就昼夜言，谓昼行、夜行、昼夜行者。
Livestock interests are everywhere, with two legs, four legs, multi legs and legless, moving on land in water and in air, devouring each other. Sentients in this path are foolish, ignorant, and greedy. The variety is extremely numerous, immeasurable, and innumerable, and the approximate categories are summarized here:
First, in terms of form, there are differences among wearing hairs, horns, and scale armors.
Second, in terms of reliant place, there are differences such as moving in water, on land, and in air, etc.
Third, in terms of land, the heavy one is in the soil, the middle one is in the mountains and forests, and the light one is raised by people.
Fourth, as far as day and night are concerned, they are called day walkers, night walkers, and day and night walkers.
（五）就强弱言，强者伏弱，饮血啖肉，互相吞啖，怖畏百端。
（六）就寿命言，寿限多无定限，其极长者，可达一劫。
（七）就胜劣言，虽属旁生，由福德力，或为龙王、狮子王、金翅鸟王等。
（八）就生出言，有胎生、卵生、湿生、化生等。
（九）就趣报言， 此道遍于六道（即六趣）。
Fifth, as far as the strong and the weak are concerned, the strong conquers the weak, drinks blood and eats flesh, devours each other, horribly fearsome in many ways.
Sixth, as far as the lifespans are concerned, their lifespans are uncertain, and those who are extremely long have a catastrophe.
Seventh, as far as superiority and inferiority are concerned, although they belong to side born creatures, due to fortunate virtuous power, they may be dragon kings, lion kings, golden eagle kings, etc.
Eighth, as far as birth is concerned, there are womb birth, egg birth, wet birth, conversion birth, etc.
Ninth, as far as interest compensations are concerned, this path is pervasive in the six paths, which are hell path, livestock path, hungry ghost path, asura path, human path, and sky path.
13.1.3 饿鬼趣 Hungry Ghost Interest (Fig.13.1.3-20)
契经描述说，饿鬼趣人缺乏信心，所以总是饥饿难耐。他们发现了食物，吃的时候认为，此物可果腹；吃完了，他们又什么都不信了，信心只有舌头那么长。恶鬼总是居于草木荒芜，饥荒瘟疫横行的世界，天空中没有希望。恶鬼的鬼字是说他们不会在光天化日之下做事，他们做生意正常人看不见。
饿鬼亦遍诸趣，有福德者，作诸处神；无福德者，居不净处，常受饥饿，其苦无量。就出生而言，饿鬼有胎生、卵生、湿生、化生。恶鬼经劫无数，寿量亦不定，极长者可达人间的千岁。在三恶道中，恶鬼亦作刀途，是说他们常常携枪持刀，常受刀箭逼迫，如图13.1.3-20。用现代的话说，他们喜欢携枪带炮，所以常常被炸弹和自杀式无人机炸。
Harmony Sutras describe that hungry ghosts lack faith, so they are always hungry. When they discovered food and eat it, they believe it can ease their hunger; after eating, they believe nothing again. Their faith was only as long as their tongues. Hungry ghosts always live in a world where vegetation is barren, famine and plague are rampant, and there is no hope in the sky. The word ghost for hungry ghosts means that they do not do things in broad daylight, doing business is invisible to normal people.
Hungry ghosts are also present in all places. Those with merit are gods in various places; those without merit live in filthy places, where they are often hungry and suffer immeasurably. In terms of birth, hungry ghosts are born in the womb, in the egg, in the wet, and in the conversion. Hungry ghosts undergo countless disasters, and their lifespan varies, the longest ones can reach a thousand years of human even a catastrophe. Among the Three Ferocious Paths, the hungry ghost interest is Sword Path, which means that they often carry clubs and knives, therefore they are often arrowed upon, as shown in Fig. 13.1.3-20. In modern parlance, hungry ghosts like to carry guns and artillery, so they often get bombed and suicide drones.
插图35表明恶鬼常常被讥笑、谩骂、和殴打，所以他们总是充满怨恨和恼火。图36表明由于贪嗔痴的增上作用，饿鬼生活在贫瘠的土地上，而且总是处于风暴、地震、瘟疫、通货膨胀和战争之中。
Illustration 35 shows that hungry ghost is often ridiculed, abused, and beaten, so they are always full of resentment and annoyances. Illustration 36 shows that hungry ghosts live on barren land and are always amid tornados, earthquakes, pestilence, inflation, and wars due to the escalatory effects of greed irritability and ignorance.
图40是欧洲人殖民美洲年代，一群西班牙饿鬼在抢劫墨西哥的富人。图42是古墨西哥给西班牙的投降书（《Lienzo de Tlaxala》，约在公元1552年）；笔者卢岩将其核心（如图41）翻译如下：标题是《翠玉女戳破泥血歌利王的圈套》（如41-1所示）。饿鬼对翠玉女说： “你们现在已经没有有能力作战的男人了；你翠玉女作为众生之母可以代表墨西哥向我们投降。告诉我，我们是怎样征服你们的？” 图42中大部分的图画表现的是大屠杀。翠玉女（即现在墨西哥国旗上的那只鹰或凤凰，是夏娃，是不可战胜的）说： “（图41-2）你们的青松石王子（即造物主，上帝）被毒品感染了，只知道索取。（41-3）抢夺来的财物是你们的镣铐，（41-4）你们是生活在这强盗所得的土地和房屋之中的囚徒。（41-5）你们给我们的 “意思食” （Mana，上帝赐予的食物，教法）让我们生病，变得弱小而堕入地下。（41-6）你们束缚了我们的四肢，囚禁了我们的身体，（41-7）但我们的灵魂是自由的。我的佣女们瞧不起你们。”
Figure 40 shows a group of Spanish hungry ghosts looting wealthy Mexicans during the European colonization of the Americas. Figure 42 is the surrender of ancient Mexico to Spain (Lienzo de Tlaxala, circa 1552 C.E.); the author Adam Luyan translates its core (as in Figure 41) below: The title is "Chalchiuhtlicue Penetrates through the Trap of King Mud-blood Song-Profit" (as shown in 41-1). The Hungry Ghost said: "You have no men capable of fighting now; you, Chalchiuhtlicue, as Mother of All Livings can surrender to us on behalf of Mexico. Tell me, how did we conquer you?" Most of the drawings in Figure 42 show the massacres. Chalchiuhtlicue (that is the eagle or phoenix that is now on the Mexican flag, is Eve, is invincible) replied: "(Fig. 41-2 shows) Your Prince of Turquoise (i.e., Creator, God) is infected with opium poppy and only knows to fetch. (Fig. 41-3) The looted possessions are your shackles, (Fig. 41-4) You are prisoners living in the land and houses obtained by robbery. (41-5) The "mean food" (i.e., mana, God-given food, teachings) you give us makes us weak, sick, and fall into the underground. (41-6) You have bound our limbs and imprisoned our flesh bodies, (41-7) but our spirits are free. My maids despise you."
作下品十恶者，感此道生，可约境，约心，约事来辨别。
（一）境下品者，夺人天命，盗人天物等。
（二）心下品者，微小贪嗔等。
（三）事下品者，或偶一作，或旋知悔改等。
以要言之，但从任运烦恼所起恶业，名为下品十恶，故是饿鬼因。
Those who commit the Ten Lower Grade Ferocities can be identified by their environments, hearts, and affairs.
First, environments of the lower grade, taking the lives of human and sky, stealing assets from humans and skies, etc.
Second, hearts of the lower grade, with a little greed and irritability etc.
Thirdly, affairs of the lower grade, doing occasionally, or repenting of in a moment, and so on.
To summarize, the ferocious karmas arising from the randomly consequentially annoyances, are named as the ten lower ferocities, therefore, those are the causes of hungry ghosts.
恶鬼的种类繁多，大别有三种九类：
（壹）无财鬼，言无财者以不得饮食故，有三类：（一）炬口，谓于口中，常出猛焰；（二）针咽，头腹如山，咽喉如针；（三）臭口，口如臭尸。
（贰）少财鬼，言少财者，以少得饮食故，有三类：（一）针毛，身毛如针，还自刺身，出血而食；（二）臭毛，身毛臭秽；（三）大瘿，项中有瘿，以手抉脓，还自食。
（叁）多财鬼，言多财者以多得饮食故，有三类：（一）得弃，常得弃食；（二）得失，常得遗失之食；（三）势力，此复有三：（1）夜叉，亦作勇健暴恶贵人，有三种，在地，在天，在虚空；（2）罗刹，亦作可畏食人鬼；恶鬼之通名也；（3）啖精鬼，食人精气之鬼也。
There are many kinds of hungry ghosts, roughly three categories nine types:
First, ghosts without wealth, who are said to be without wealth because they can not gain food and drink, are of three kinds: (1) torch mouth, which is said to be in the mouth, often emitting fierce flames; (2) needle throat, which is like a mountain in the head and abdomen, but like a needle in the throat; and (3) stinking mouth, which is like the mouth of a stinking corpse.
Second, less wealth ghosts, said less wealth, because they get less food and drink, there are three types: (a) needle hair, body hairs like needles, but also self-pricked body, bleeding, and they eat those; (b) stinking hairs, body hairs stinks foul; (c) big galls, galls in the neck, with the hand to choose the pus, and eat those.
Third, much wealth ghosts, said much wealth, because they get more food and drink, have three types: (1) to get abandoned, often get abandoned food; (2) to get lost, often get lost food; (3) the potential power, further divided into three types: (A) Valiant Ferocious Nobles, again three types of: On Land, In Air, and At Empty; (B) Rakshasa, is a common name for all hungry ghosts, is also known as the Fearful Man-eating Ghost; (C) munching sperm ghost, the type of ghosts particularly loves to suck and chew the essences of the human body.
13.1.4 修罗趣 Asura Interest (Fig. 13.1.4-19)
梵语阿修罗，即欧洲世界的泰坦，汉译作非天、非类、不端正。据说每当阿修罗吃到最后一口时，嘴里的食物总是变成泥巴。虽福报邻天，却无德享受，故曰非天。但从烦恼来说，尤甚于人，故在三善道中被列在人趣之下。修罗趣人好诤、好战斗，怕怖无极。（注，诤是好意劝谏义，是一切暴乱的起因。）
The Sanskrit word Asura, which is the Titan of the European world, is translated in Chinese as non-sky, non-category, and non-decency. It is said that whenever Asura eats the last bite, the food in his mouth always turns into mud. Although they are fortunate with the neighboring sky, they have no virtue to enjoy, so they are called non-sky. Only from the point of view of annoyance, especially inferior to human beings, so in the three benevolent paths, Asuras are classified as below the human interest. Asuras are good at expostulation and fight, extremely fearsome. (Annotation, expostulation means admonition, earnest and kindly protest; and is the cause of all riots.)
在因之时，怀猜忌心，虽能行善，为欲胜他。作下品十善，感此道生。辨别下品十善，亦约境、约心、约事说。
（一）对境增上，仅能于顺境保护身口意行为。
（二）约心来说，悠悠缓缓，或夹杂贪、嗔、痴等烦恼。
（三）约事来说，偶尔为善，不广大，不久积。
以要言之，虽能行十善戒，烦恼尚多，故是阿修罗趣的因。
At the time of the cause, with a suspicious jealous heart, although one is able to perform benevolences, but they desire to win over others. The ten benevolences of the lower grade led to the birth of this path. Identifying the lower ten benevolences is also to say from environment, heart, and affair.
First, escalation to environment, one can only protect bodily, oral, and intentional behaviors in the favorable situation.
Second, escalation to heart, leisurely and slowly, or mixed with greed, irritability, ignorance, etc. annoyances.
Thirdly, in terms of affairs, occasionally do benevolence, not extensive, and no accumulation for long term.
In summary, although one can practice the ten benevolent precepts, still has many annoyances, therefore, is the cause of Asura interest.
阿修罗种类颇难细列，兹以四类别之。
（一）畜修罗，从卵而生，畜生趣摄。
（二）鬼修罗，从湿气有，鬼趣所摄。
（三）人修罗，从胎而出，人趣所摄。
（四）天修罗，从变化有，天趣所摄。
佛悉知是人，悉见也是人。佛教中所说的湿生是指富有而吝啬的家庭成员，泥血。卵生是指王族的家庭成员，是从虱子卵出生的，秽血。化生是通过学习和修练，改变异生性（参见11.4.4.2 不相应行法）而形成的，如佛，菩萨，和道教中的真人等都是从修练的转变而来。
It is difficult to list the types of Asuras in detail, so classify them into four categories.
(1) Livestock Asuras, are born from eggs, and are assimilated by Livestock Interests.
(2) Ghost Asuras, come from moisture, and are assimilated by hungry Ghost Interests.
(3) Human Asuras, are born from wombs, and are assimilated by human interests.
(4) Sky Asuras, come from transformations and conversions, and are assimilated by sky interests.
Buddha knows all that is human and sees all that is human. In Buddhism, Wet Born refers to the family members of the rich but stingy, mud blood. Egg Born refers to the royal family members, born from lice eggs, filthy blood. Conversion Birth is formed through learning and cultivation, changing mutant nature (see 11.4.4.2 Noncorresponding Migration Laws) to have. For example, Buddha, Bodhisattva, and Taoist real-human are all transformed through study and practice.
13.1.5 人趣 Human Interest (Fig. 13.1.5-18)
人，此说为意，因凡人所作，意图和计划在先。人趣，亦作人道，因为此类众生在因之时能行五戒。五戒是：（一）不杀生，（二）不偷盗，（三）不邪淫，（四）不妄语，（五）不饮酒。人的生活是苦乐相间。作中品十善者，感此道生。下文略辨中品十善。
（一）约境说，唯于顺境和不顺不逆的环境中能守护身口意三业。
（二）约心说，善念淳熟，但未猛利。
（三）约事说，或数为小善，或偶为胜善。
以要言之，有施有戒，是人道因。
Human, here says intent because whatever a human does, intention or plan goes first. Human interest, also known as human path, because they could perform five precepts when they were on their causes. The five precepts are: 1. Do not kill, 2. Do not steal, 3. Do not engage in heretical sexual conduct, 4. Do not lie, and 5. Do not drink alcohol. Human life is a mixture of bitter and laugh. The ten benevolences of the middle grade led to rebirth of sentients in this path. The following is a brief identification of Ten Benevolences of the middle grade.
(1) Aggregating heart’s environments to say, human can protect bodily karma, oral karma, and intentional karma in enjoyable environment and in neither enjoyable nor adverse circumstances.
(2) Aggregating heart to say, human being is with pure and matured good wills, but not bravely to do.
(3) Aggregating affair to say, humans do small goods again and again, occasionally do great good.
Generally, having donations and precepts, are reasons for the human path.
13.1.5-2 四大洲 Four Big Continents
人有四大洲、八中洲等分别。什么是这里说的洲？即大量的身土，即大量的尘刹土（参见14.1节），即大量的色尘、声尘、香尘、味尘、触尘、和法尘， 即许多感知或觉， 如插图13.1.5所说的三千大千世界是由十亿尘刹土构成的。下面先说四大洲。
There are four great continents, eight medium continents, and other distinctions among human beings. What are the continents spoken of here? That is, a great deal of body-soils, that is, a great deal of dust-instant-soils (cf. section 14.1), that is, a great deal of color-dust, sound-dust, scent-dust, taste-dust, touch-dust, and juristic-dust, that is, a great deal of perceptions or sensations, as in Illustration 13.1.5, which says that the Great Grand Worlds are made up of a billion dust-instant-soils. Let’s talk about the four big continents first.
一）东胜身洲，胜身是说此法于一切法中最为胜者。胜身洲在须弥颅山东，其土东狭西广，形如半月，纵广六千由旬。由旬是梵语Yojana，是脖子上挂着金刚铃的牛的一天的行程。其土中央有一大树名梭罗，高及覆盖二十七由旬。人面亦如半月之形，身长三肘半，衣广中七肘，上下三肘半。寿二百岁，多有夭亡。注13.1.5-1，衣，如九结，五盖，八缠，参见14.2节。
1. East Victorious Body Continent, Victorious Body is saying that their bodily form is the most victorious among all laws. Victorious Body Continent is located on the eastern side of Mount Sumeru. Its landform east narrow west wide, like a crescent, length and breadth are 6,000 yojanas. Yojana is a Sanskrit distance unit, is one day walking distance by a cow with a Philosopher-Stone bell under neck. There is a great tree, name Sal Fasullo, in its center; its height and covers up 27 yojanas. The human face is also in the shape of a half moon, body height is 3.5 cubits, clothes’ length and breadth are 7 cubits to their center, 3.5 cubits above and 3.5 cubits below. The life expectancy of a human being is 200 years, with many premature deaths. Annotation 1, clothes, such as 9 ties, 5 covers, 8 coils, see section 14.2.
二）北俱颅洲，亦作胜处、高上。胜处是说，此洲人果报甚胜，胜其它三洲。高上是说此洲人寿定满千岁，死后必然升于三十三天（见插图13.1.5-14），化乐天（如图-10）等处。俱颅洲在须弥颅山北，其土正方，犹如池沼，纵广八千由旬。洲中有一大树，名阿摩罗，其树根入地下九由旬，树冠高达十八由旬，枝叶覆盖二十五由旬。有一树林名男人；有一树林名女人。北洲人面像其地形。身长七肘，衣广中十四肘，上下七肘。人寿一千岁；命无中夭。
2. North Skull Occupant Continent, alias Victorious Place, Going Up, Victorious Place means that people in the continent receive victorious recompense fruits, which are more victorious than other three continents. Going Up is saying that people in this continent can live 1,000 years, and they rise to Thirty-Three skies (see fig 13.1.5-14), Conversion-Laugh sky (see fig. -10), etc. after death. Skull Occupant Continent is in the north of Mount Sumer-head, and form is a square, like a swamp, 8,000 yojanas in length and breadth. Middle of the continent, there is a big tree named Immaculateness. Its roots penetrate the ground for nine yojanas, its crown reaches 9 yojanas, and its branches and leaves cover 25 yojanas. There is a forest named man, and a forest named woman. The human face of north continent resembles its topography, their body height is 7 cubits, clothes’ length and breadth are 14 cubits to their center, 7 cubits above and 7 cubits below. The life expectancy of a human being is 1,000 years without premature death.
三）西牛惑洲，因洲中央有一一由旬高的大石牛而得名。牛惑洲在须弥颅山西，其土形如满月，纵广七千由旬。此洲多牛羊，亦多珠玉。人面亦如满月，身长三肘半，衣广中七肘，上下三肘半。寿三百岁，多有夭亡。
3. West Cow-Muddle Continent, named after a yojana-high stone cow in the center of the continent. Cow-Muddles Continent is in the west of Mount Sumeru. Its soil shapes like a full moon, and its length and breadth are 7,000 yojanas. There are many cattle and sheep on this continent, as well as pearls and jade. The human face is also like the full moon, and body height is 3.5 cubits, clothes’ length and breadth are 7 cubits to its center, 3.5 cubits above and 3.5 cubits below. Life expectancy is 300 years, with many premature deaths.
四）南瞻部洲，此洲多树，从洲中央的一棵严父树而得名。其树根入地下九由旬，树冠高十八由旬，枝叶覆盖二十五由旬。树下多金，人称严父金。瞻部洲在须弥山南，其土梯形，北广南狭，纵广六千由旬。人面亦像其地形；身长三肘半，衣广中七肘，上下三肘半。寿量不定，增劫时寿可达二百五十岁，减劫时寿不满十岁，寿最长可至无量。南洲人根性猛力，易升易堕。
4. South Admiring-Subordinates Continent, the continent has many trees, named after a Strict-Father tree in center of the continent. Its roots penetrate the ground for nine yojanas, its crown is 18 yojanas high, and its branches and leaves cover 25 yojanas. There is a lot of gold under the tree, known as Strict-Father gold. Admiring-Subordinates Continent is in the south of Mount Sumer-head. Its soil is trapezoidal, wide in the north and narrow in the south, and 6,000 yojanas in length and breadth. The human face also resembles its topography; body height is 3.5 cubits. Clothes’ length and breadth are 7 cubits to its center, 3.5 cubits above and 3.5 cubits below. The amount of lifespan is uncertain. In increasing catastrophe, their life span can reach 250 years; but in decreasing catastrophe, their life span is less than 10 years. The longest life span can be infinite. People’s root nature in Admiring-Subordinates Continent are brave and sharp, easy to rise and fall.
插图13.1.5-18代表着人的 “八中洲”，亦作 “八大金刚”，“人样儿”， “忍渡”（参见17.3-9至-18节），是墨西哥（约公元1325年）画的。他是用自己的肠子来表现忍渡的。他的肠子有什么特别的？墨西哥和本文的须弥颅山一样，也是一位金童，亚当，特拉洛克，释迦摩尼佛，大黑天（即世界末日判官），众生之父。插图-1至-22就是他大审判的结果，也述说了他成佛的心路。
Illustration 13.1.5-18 represents the "eight middle continents" of a human, also known as “Eight Philosopher-Stone Giants”, "human’s appearance" and "Countenance Ark" (cf. sections 17.3-9 to -18), was painted by Mexico (c. C.E. 1325). He was using his own intestines to represent the Countenance Ark. What is so special about his intestines? Mexico is same with Mount Sumeru of this article, is a Gold Boy, Adam, Tlaloc, Shakyamuni Buddha, Great Black Sky (i.e., the judger of the doomsday), and the father of all beings. Illustrations -1 to -22 are the results of his great trial and describe his psychological journey to becoming a Buddha.
插图-11显示：翠玉女的脸被舍利王用作饵挂在了鱼钩上；旁边笑眯眯的，不咬钩的半月脸就代表墨西哥。那最后舍利王钓到墨西哥了吗？图-18，墨西哥的肠子显示，他吃了翠玉女，消化不了，又吐不出来，因为翠玉女（玉女，夏娃）是女神，无形，没肉，却充满了尖锐的碎片，把他的肠子搅烂了。所以墨西哥向舍利王投降了，娶了他的女儿翠玉女，继承了舍利王的王位，改朝换代，开创了墨西哥帝国。墨西哥和翠玉女就成为了墨西哥人的始祖。插图23是墨西哥抱着他和翠玉女所生的儿子。插图24是墨西哥正在设计图-1至-22，这根生命之树的树干。
Illustration-11 shows that the face of Chalchiuhtlicue was used as bait on the hook by King Huitzilopochtli; the smiling crescent face next to it, which does not bite the hook, represents Mexico. So, did Huitzilopochtli catch Mexico in the end? Figure-18, Mexico's intestines show that he ate Chalchiuhtlicue (Jade Girl, Eve), couldn't digest her, and couldn't spit her out because she is a goddess, formless, fleshless, but full of sharp debris that churned up his intestines. So, Mexico surrendered, married Chalchiuhtlicue, inherited the throne of Huitzilopochtli, changed the dynasty, and started Mexican Empire. Mount Mexico and Chalchiuhtlicue then became primogenitor of Mexicans. Illustration 23 shows Mexico holding the son born to him and Chalchiuhtlicue. Illustration 24 shows Mexico designing Figures-1 through -22, the trunk of the Tree of Life.
13.1.5-3 性生活 Sexual Life
至于婚姻嫁娶和性爱之事，地狱众生都很忙，少有做爱的兴致，婚嫁亦少。饿鬼，畜生，阿修罗，东胜身洲，西牛惑洲和南瞻部洲的众生，婚姻和性爱都如人世。
北俱颅洲人无我及我所，没有守护者（注，即自我防卫心）；男女若此情彼愿，便相随至合欢树下。若彼男女非父女，母子，兄妹等，合欢树便生出床铺，垂下枝叶。彼之男女欢娱受乐，随意所作，事后分离，各奔前程。其女若孕，七日即便产生；安置婴儿于四衢道中，捨之而去。彼处四方路人，为欲养育彼婴儿故，各将手指置于彼婴儿口中。彼等指头既出甘乳。如是七日，彼婴儿长成彼一种身量。若是男子，即随男伴；若女便与女伴相逐而去。由是因缘，俱颅洲人没有婚嫁。
As for marriages and sex matters, hell beings are very busy and have little interest in sex and marriages. Hungry Ghosts, Livestock, Asuras, people in east Victorious Body Continent, in west Cow-Muddle Continent, and in south Admiring-Subordinates Continent, all the sentient beings’ marriage and sex are just like the human world.
People in North Skull Occupant Continent have no ego and belongings, no guardian (annotation, that is, heart of self-defences); if men and women love each other, they will follow each other under the Combine-Happiness tree. If the man and woman are not father and daughter, mother and son, brother, and sister, etc., the Combine-Happiness tree will produce beds and hang down its branches and leaves. The men and women have fun, do whatever they want, and then separate and go their separate ways. If the woman is pregnant, she gives birth within seven days, place the baby in the road crossing, and leave it. Passers-by in all directions put their fingers in the mouth of the baby to raise the baby. Their fingers have produced honeydew. After seven days, that baby grows into that stature. If it is a man, it will follow the male companion; if it is a woman, it will chase away with the female companion. Because of the reason and aggregative factors, people in Skull-Occupant Continent have no marriage.
六欲天中，婚丧嫁娶亦如人世，但彼处众生注重意乐，多有拥抱，执手，瞬目等性行为，性器官的接触较人世少。色界（如插图-5至-8所示）和无色界（如图-4至-1）的众生，没有味触，香触和身触的情感，所以他们没有男女性方面的差别，当然就没有性行为和婚嫁之事。
In the Six Desire-Skies, weddings and funerals are just like the human world, but those sentients stress intentional laughs, there are more sexual behaviors such as hugging, holding hands, admiringly looking at each other, etc., and the contact with sexual organs is less than that in the human world. Sentient beings in Color Boundary (see figs. -5 to -8), and Colorless Boundary (see figs. -4 to -1) have no feelings of smell taste and bodily touch, so they don’t differ male and female, certainly they don’t have sextual conducts and marriage.
13.1.6 欲天趣 Desire Sky Interest (Fig. 13.1.6.0-17 to 9)
欲天趣包括六位天，分别是四王天、三十三天、时分天、知足天、化乐天、他化天。佛教以无意识的纯净部分为天，天是清净义，深奥知识义；以无意识的污染部分为地，以烦恼为地。若论福德，六欲天与诸天为一趣，而饮食、男女、睡眠三事，则与前五趣相同。故论六趣，则六欲天为天趣；论三界，则属欲界。
Desire Sky Interest includes six skies, namely, four-king skies, thirty-three skies, hour minute sky, contentment sky, converted laugh sky, and other convert sky. Buddhism regards the immaculate part of unconsciousness as sky, which means quiet and profound knowledge; and regards the maculate part of unconsciousness as earth, regards annoyances as earth. In the aspect of fortune and virtue, the six desire skies are the same one interest with those skies, while on the three affairs of food sex and sleep, then they are same with the preceding five interests. Therefore, in terms of six interests, the six desire skies belong to sky interest; in terms of three boundaries, they belong to desire boundary.
此约境、心、和事来辨别欲天趣。
（一）对心境增上方面，普于顺境、逆境和不顺不逆境中守护身、口、意三业。
（二）从心的方面来说，做善事，淳至猛利。
（三）从事而言，常作善事，但不甚广大，不甚久远。
以要言之，虽属十善道业，犹属散善，故为欲天趣因。
Here aggregates environment heart and affair to identify the desire sky interest.
First, in respect of escalation to environment, generally one can protect bodily karma, oral karma, and intentional karma in enjoyable, adverse, and neither enjoyable nor adverse environment.
Second, in the respect of heart, one can do benevolences purely, vigorously.
Third, in the respect of affair, always doing benevolent affairs, but not very vastly and not very long.
Generally, even though those deeds belong to ten benevolent path karmas, still belong to scattered benevolences, and are therefore the cause of desire sky interest.
13.1.6.0 中土之门 Juristic Door to Middle Earth (fig. 13.1.6.0-17, 16, 15)
插图13.1.6.0-33是佛教的中土，是在须弥颅山或罗汉山之中。须弥颅山是须弥颅的头，即释迦摩尼的头颅；山是尊称，表明此头贵重。罗汉即罗汉果，参见15.2.6节。古墨西哥文化中对中土的说法与佛教相同，中土位于墨西哥山，即特拉洛克的头颅之中，如图45、44、43、42、39、和36。古墨西哥中土的象形文字是插图37，即是四罗汉果中的前三果。
Illustration 13.1.6.0-33 is the Buddhist Middle earth, which is amid Mount Sumeru or Mount Ararat. Mount Sumeru is the head of Sumeru, i.e., the head of Shakyamuni. Mountain is an honorific term indicating the value of this head. Mount Ararat is fame for the fourth fruit sage (see section 15.2.6). Ancient Mexican culture spoke of Middle Earth in the same way as Buddhism. Middle Earth is in the Mount Mexico which is the head of Mexico (a Tlaloc), as shown in Figs. 45, 44, 43, 42, 39, and 36. Hieroglyphics for Middle Earth in ancient Mexico are illustrated in Illustration 37; the three prickly pears represent the first three of the four shamanic fruits.
阻碍尘世人重返中土的是天门山，如图16所示的两座正在喷发的火山。天门山的本质是受蕴和想蕴（参见11.4.2节）。受蕴是所取，想蕴是能取；随着生活，人就积累了这两座山一样的取习气，从而日夜操劳，不得休息。古人用人中（如图40所示）的运动来代表人的身体、语言、和意识的活动，所以是两座天门山生长的根源，故名山根（如图17所示）。而身口意的活动是祖宗进出宗庙的门，故名祖窍（如图17和35所示）。
What prevents mundane people from returning to Middle Earth are the Sky Door Mountains, the two erupting volcanoes shown in Figure 16. The nature of the Sky Door Mountains is the acceptance node and think node (see Section 11.4.2). The acceptance node is the being fetched, and the think node is the capable to fetch. Along lives, one accumulates these two mountain-like habits of fetch, thus working day and night without rest. The ancients used the movement of the “human middle” (shown in Fig. 40) to represent the activities of the human body, speech, and intention, and so is the root for which the two Sky Door Mountains grow, hence the name Mountain Root (shown in Fig. 17). And the activities of the body, speech, and intent are the doors through which the ancestors enter and exit the ancestral temple, hence the name Ancestral Cave (as shown in Fig. 17, and 35).
解脱就是移除天门山。首先要斩断山根，使天门山不能生长；把祖窍锁起来（如图41），使天门山生长缓慢，或萎缩。那么怎样谨守根门（如图35所示），把根门锁起来？答：遵守十善戒（如本章开篇所述）。十戒中，前三戒是身戒，中间四戒是口戒，最后三戒是意戒。斩断山根，把祖窍锁起来就是要谨守十善戒。十善戒又作十善道。
Liberation is the removal of the two Sky Door Mountains. The first step is to cut the roots of the mountains so that Sky Door Mountains can not grow; to lock up the Ancestral Cave (as shown in Figure 41) so that Sky Door Mountain grows slowly or shrinks. Then how to guard the root door (as shown in Figure 35) carefully and lock it up? Answer: Observe the Ten Benevolent Precepts (as described at the beginning of this chapter). Of the Ten Benevolent Precepts, the first three are body precepts, the middle four are mouth precepts, and the last three are intent precepts. To cut off the roots of the sky door mountains and lock up the ancestral cave is to observe the Ten Benevolent Precepts, which are also known as the Ten Benevolent Paths.
插图15，四王天的牌坊上画着上天所需的四件法宝。从左向右，第一件法宝是个螺，代表着本书第18章的翠玉女（相当于佛教中的观音菩萨，和欧洲文化中的夏娃）。第二件法宝是粒种子，是奥林心，相当于我们佛教中的菩提心，参见第16章的开篇部分。第三件法宝是个燧火石，代表左翼蜂鸟，代表上帝。第四件法宝是根线，那是青松石王子（即左翼蜂鸟）用自己的女儿翠玉女为饵来钓墨西哥（亦作特拉洛克，是位金童）的鱼线。图11中鱼钩上的饵是翠玉女的脸；笑眯眯的，不咬钩的半月脸是墨西哥（亦作特拉洛克）。那根鱼线的本质就是15.4节《墨西哥法典》的主题线索。懂得了这四件法宝，就获得了这四件法宝，人的一切见惑（参见14.3节）就被消灭了，就获得了有余依涅槃（参见15.1节） ，成为图13的竹马天（梵语补特伽罗，义为习气疙瘩），也就是到了中土了。
In Illustration 15, the Four Kings Sky plaque depicts the four juristic treasures needed to get to skies. From left to right, the first juristic treasure is a conch, representing Chalchiuhtlicue (equivalent to Guanyin in Buddhism, and Eve in European cultures) in Chapter 18 of this book. The second juristic treasure is a seed, Ollin Heart, the equivalent of our Buddhist Bodhi-heart, see the opening section of Chapter 16. The third juristic treasure is a flint, representing Huitzilopochtli, representing God. The fourth juristic treasure is a thread, that is the fishing line that Huitzilopochtli used his daughter Chalchiuhtlicue as bait to catch Mexico (a.k.a. Tlaloc; is an Adam). The bait on the hook in Figure 11 is the face of Chalchiuhtlicue; the smiling, crescent face that does not bite is Mexico. The nature of that fishing line is the thematic thread of section 15.4, Mexican Codex. Understanding these four juristic treasures, one gains these four juristic treasures, all View Muddles (cf. section 14.3) are annihilated; therefore, one acquires Reliant Nirvana (cf. section 15.1), becomes a Hobbyhorse (Sanskrit Pudgala, means a habitual aggregate) of Fig. 13, that is, arrives in the Middle Earth.
13.1.6-1 四王天 Four-King Sky (Fig. 13.1.6.0-15)
四王天（参见插图13.1.6.0-15）即护世四大天王和他们的眷属。东方持国天王，红色，统领净业众，主宰东胜身洲。北方多闻天王，黑色，统领所知众，主宰北俱颅洲。西方的广目天王，白色，统领龙凤众，主宰西牛惑洲。南方增长天王，蓝色，统领烦恼众，主宰南方的瞻部洲。
四王天皆是上品十善所感，或是不杀戒增上功德所感，或是一日一夜斋戒之力所感。身长250肘。衣广中500肘，上下各250肘，重4根羽毛。此天的寿命一千岁，然亦有中夭者。死时五衰相现，甚大苦恼。性生活如人世。
The Four Kings Skies (see fig. 13.1.6.0-15) are mundane world protectors and their dependents. Eastern King namely Nation-Holder, red in color, leads karmic crowds, rules over the eastern Victorious Body Continent. Northern King namely Heard-More, black in color, leads crowds of knows, rules over the northern Skull-Occupant continent. Western King namely Broad-Eye, white in color, leads crowds of dragons and phoenixes, rules over western Cow-Muddle continent. Southern King namely Growth, blue in color, leads crowds of annoyances and nightmares, rules over southern Admiring-Subordinates continent.
The four-king skies are all the result of the ten benevolences of the upper grade, or due to escalatory fortune and virtue of not killing, or due to the power of the one-day and one-night fasts. Their body length is 250 cubits, the clothes are 500 cubits wide to the middle and 250 cubits at the top and bottom, weighs 4 feathers. The lifespan of the skies is 1,000 years, but there are also those who die young. When they die, five types of deteriorating phenomena manifest, a great deal of annoyances. Sexual life is like the human world.
13.1.6-2 三十三天 Thirty-Three Sky (Fig. 13.1.6.0-14)
三十三天，梵语忉利，由此天有三十三天故，亦是上品十善所感，或是不杀不盗两戒增上功德所感，或是一日一夜斋力所感。身长，除帝释天身长一千肘外，此诸天身长六百肘。衣广中一千二百肘，上下各六百肘，重2根羽毛。此诸天以拥抱为阴阳之事。寿两千岁，亦有中夭并五衰相，与前天同，后诸欲天亦皆准知。
Thirty-Three Sky, Sanskrit Tāvati?sa, because the sky has 33 skies, is also results of the ten benevolences of the upper grade, or do not kill and do not steal the two precepts’ escalatory fortune and virtue or inspired by a day and a night of fasting power. In terms of body length, except for Seth who is 1000 cubits high, the other skies are 600 cubits. Cloths are 1,200 cubits around to center, 600 cubits above and below, and weighs 2 feathers. These skies regard hugging as sexual affairs. With a lifespan of 2,000 years, but there are also premature deaths; and when they die, showing five signs of deteriorations. Those are the same as in the previous sky, and all the later desire-skies can be known in this way.
三十三天的中央是善法堂天，帝释天王所居；其东西南北四方各有八天。帝释全名帝释恒因（如插图13.1.6-14），中国佛教称其为转移身见（参见11.4.4.1.4.1节），梵语萨迦耶，圣经中称其为塞斯，古德语爱色（Æsir），墨西哥纳瓦特语教称其为提拉考安，义为我们都是它的奴隶。又，善法堂天上另有一天名作竹马，梵语为补特伽罗，义为习气疙瘩。
The center of the 33 skies is the “benevolent juristic hall sky”, where Imperial King Seth resides; there are eight heavens in each of the four directions, east, north, west, and south. Seth's full name is “Seth, the eternal reason”, which is known in Chinese Buddhism as “translocation body view” (see section 11.4.4.1.4.1), in Sanskrit as Satkaya, and in Mexican Nahuatl as Titlacauan, which means that we are all its slaves. And above the Benevolent Juristic Hall Sky, there is another sky called Hobbyhorse, which is the Sanskrit word Pudgala for habitual aggregate.
13.1.6-3 时分天 Hour Minute Sky (Fig. 13.1.6.0-12)
梵语夜摩，华言时分天，谓此天及以上，但以莲花开合而分昼夜。据说，昔日帝释天与阿修罗战争时，欲与时分天结盟，被拒绝了，故时分天得号无诤。时分诸天是上品十善，兼学坐禅所感，或是不杀、不盗、不邪淫、三戒增上功德所感，或亦八戒、十戒等功德所感。身长七百二十肘。衣广中一千四百四十肘，重一根羽毛（如插图12所示）。寿三千岁，以身相近为阴阳。
The Sanskrit word Yama, Chinese calls Hour-Minute Sky, it is saying that this sky and above day and night are divided by the opening and closing of the lotus flower. It is said that in the past, when Seth was at war with the Asura, wanted to make an alliance with the Hour-Minute Sky, but was refused, so the Hour-Minute Sky was given the fame of non-expostulation. The Hour-Minute skies are the results of the ten benevolences of the upper grade and the study of meditation, or inspired by the fortune and virtue of three precepts, not killing, not stealing, and not committing heretical sex, or induced by the fortune and virtue of eight precepts, ten precepts, etc. Their body length is 720 cubits. The clothes are 1,440 cubits from the outer edge to the center and weigh one feather (as shown in Illustration 13.1.6-3). Their life span is 3,000 years; regard going-close as sexual affairs.
插图13.1.6-3 源自埃及，是在测量人心的重量是否具有升天的资格。此处的人心指的是思想意识，所以他们是在称量“心衣”的重量。心衣的概念参见14.2节。
Illustration 13.1.6-3 is from Egypt and is measuring the weight of the human heart to see if it is qualified to ascend to above sky. The human heart in this case refers to the mind, so they are weighing the "cloths of heart". See section 14.2 for the concept of the heart cloths.
13.1.6-4 知足天 Contentment Sky (Fig. 13.1.6.0-11)
知足（如插图13.1.6.0-11），谓于色声香味触五欲境知止足，亦名如意。此天乃精修十善，兼得细住所感，或是身三口四七支戒品（参见13.1节）增上功德所感，或亦八戒、十戒等力所感。身长一千肘；衣重半根羽毛；寿六千岁；以执手为阴阳。又此天中别有一内院，住着一位一生补处大士（注，即玉女、观音菩萨、夏娃）。契经云：乃至劫坏，三灾不及也；菩萨修行十善，乐习禅观，当发心亲近补处大士，乃得上生。
Contentment (fig. 13.1.6.0-11) means knowing satisfaction and stop on five desires (i.e., desires of color, sound, smell, taste, and touch), also known as As-Wish. This sky is the result of cultivation of the ten benevolences of the upper grade and practicing the delicate dwell of meditation, or induced by the fortune and virtue of three body percepts and four oral precepts (cf. section 13.1), or inspired by eight precepts, ten precepts, etc. Body length is 1,000 cubits; clothes weigh half a feather; lifespan is 6,000 years; holding hands is sexual affair between man and woman. Also, there is an inner courtyard in this sky, and there lives a “One Life Amendment Place Great Warrior” (annotation, i.e., Jade Woman, Guanyin Bodhisattva, Eve). The Harmony Sutra says, “up to catastrophe end, water disaster fire disaster and wind disaster can not reach her. Bodhisattvas or whoever practice the ten benevolences and are willing to practice meditation, should arouse heart to get close to the “Amendment Place Great Warrior”, so that he or she can ascend.
13.1.6-5 自化天 Self-Converted Sky (Fig. 13.1.6.0-10)
自化自在天，由此诸天自化五尘娱乐而得名，乃是上品十善兼成欲界中定所感。身长一千三百肘，衣重四分之一根羽毛，寿七千岁，以相互熟视为阴阳。注13.1.6-5，如插图13.1.6-10所示，这是一个颠倒的世界观。那么，为什么古人还给予他们这么高的评价？答：这是觉悟历程中的一个重要阶段。而且此天以下众生的世界观都是颠倒的。
注13.1.6-5，如插图13.1.6-10所示，这是一个颠倒的世界观。那么，为什么古人还给予他们这么高的评价？答：这是觉悟历程中的一个重要阶段。而且此天以下众生的世界观都是颠倒的。
Self-Converted Self-Sufficient Sky, the skies entertain themselves by their own converted five dusts (i.e., color dust, sound dust, fragrance dust, taste dust, and touch dust), hence the name. they are results of the ten benevolences of the upper grade and stillness achievement (cf. section 12.1) of Desire Boundary. Body length is 1,300 cubits, clothes weigh a quarter of a feather, lifespan is 7,000 years, appreciably watching each other is sex between man and woman.
Annotation 13.1.6-5, as shown in illustration 13.1.6-10, this is an upside-down worldview. So, why did the ancients still rate them this highly? Answer: This is an important stage in the process of enlightenment. And the worldviews of all sentient beings below this sky are upside down.
13.1.6-6 他化天 It Converted Sky (Fig. 13.1.6.0-9)
他化自在天，谓此天假借他人所化的五尘而成己乐，乃上品十善兼成未到地定所感。此天身长一千八百肘，衣重八分之一根羽毛，寿八千岁。又，他化天上别有一魔身天（如插图13.1.6-6），他化天摄，身长两千肘，寿九千岁。
插图13.1.6.6-23至32都是魔身天的图画。图25表示《桃花劫》（参见2.1节）中常公（金童）和桃花女（玉女）裸体结婚的场景。
“Other-Converted Self-Sufficient Sky” is saying that these skies entertain themselves by other converted five dusts. They are results of the ten benevolences of the upper grade and the attainment of Nonarrival Stillness (cf. section 12.1). Body length is 1,800 cubits, cloths weigh one-eighth of a feather, and lifespan is 8,000 years. Furthermore, above the It-Converted Sky, there is a “Demonic Body Sky” (see illustration 13.1.6-6). They are assimilated by the It-Converted Sky. Their body length is 2,000 cubits, lifespan is 9,000 years.
Illustrations 13.1.6.6-23 to 32 are all pictures of the “demon body sky”. Illustration 25 shows the scene of Constant Fair (Gold Boy) and Peach Flower Girl (Jade Girl) getting married naked in "Peach Flower Catastrophe" (see Section 2.1).
图 26中的猪代表上帝安拉造的须弥颅（亚当，参见4.4节），女人是安拉的女儿苦芭芭（夏娃）。
图27中的鹿代表上帝宙斯造的七色鹿佛阿波罗（金童），女的是宙斯的女儿雅典娜（玉女，参见15.2节）。
图28中的山羊是上帝雷音造的德意志（睚眦，亚当，参见15.3节），女的是雷音的女儿磨牙（夏娃）。
图29和30是上帝左翼蜂鸟造的墨西哥（金童，特拉洛克，参见15.4节）和翠玉女（玉女）。
The pig in Illustration 26 represents Sumeru (Adam, see Section 4.4) created by God Allah, and the woman is Allah's daughter Kubaba (Eve).
The deer in Illustration 27 represents the “seven-color deer Buddha” Apollo (Gold Boy) created by God Zeus, and the woman is Zeus's daughter Athena (Jade Girl, see Section 15.2).
The goat in Illustration 28 is Germany (Tanngnjóstr, Adam, see Section 15.3) created by God Thor, and the woman is Thor's daughter Tanngnjóstr (Eve).
Illustrations 29 and 30 are Mexico (Gold Boy, Tlaloc, see Chapter 18) and Chalchiuhtlicue (Jade Girl) created by God Huitzilopochtli.
13.2 色界 Color Boundary (Fig. 13.2-8 to 5)
前文谈了欲界的众生，都有色欲、声欲、香欲、味欲、触欲，此五欲如饮食、性交、和睡眠等。色界众生皆依禅定而住，无诸欲尘，唯有淨妙的色身，身衣随意，衣重忽略不计，无复男女，但以禅定法喜为食。欲界总为五趣杂居地（如图13.2-23），亦作秽土；由散业所招感，故又名散地。色界和无色界由不动的定业所招感，所以又名定地。色是变碍义（参见11.4.1节《色蕴》）。色界有四地十八天。
As mentioned earlier, all sentient beings in the desire boundary have the desires for color, sound, fragrance, taste, and touch, which are such as eating and drinking, sexual intercourse, and sleep. Sentient beings of color boundary rely on meditative stillness to live, free of all desire-dusts, with only immaculate wonderful color body, clothes as wish, clothing weight is negligible, without male or female, only feeding on the juristic delights of meditative stillness. The Desire Boundary in whole is “five interests mixed dwell land” (see fig. 13.2-23), also known as Filthy Land, aka. Land of Dispersion because it is induced by dispersed karma. The color boundary and the colorless boundary are caused by immovable karma, therefore are also called Still Land. Color is the meaning of change and obstruction (see Section 11.4.1 Color Node). There are four lands and eighteen skies in the color boundary.
13.2.1 神身天 Godly Body Sky (fig. 13.2-8)
离生喜乐地是色界第一地，是初禅地（如图13.2-24，参见12.2节），谓此诸天已离欲界诸恶欲之法，得觉观禅定，身心凝静，而生喜乐。此地有三天，神众天、神辅天、和神身天。
（一）神众天，超六欲天，远离饮食、淫欲、睡眠三种过患，故名为神。天者清净离染之谓。通而言之，四禅（参见12.2节）诸天皆名天神，皆清净故。众者民也，谓此诸天是大神天主的民众。盖以欲界习定，创得初禅，禅力未深，故命终后，生为神民，内有觉观心，外感火灾所坏。火是个大种（参见11.2节）；火灾所坏义为无意识（古作神识）随时会调整自己，他们随时会变回到普通人。这用古人的说法就是：他们又堕落到了人间。神众诸天身长半由旬，寿二十小劫。由旬是一个佛教中的长度单位，是脖子底下挂着个金刚铃的牛的一天的行程。
The “Leave Producing Delight and Laugh Land” is the first land of the Color Boundary, is land of first meditation (see fig. 13.2-24, cf. section 12.2), which means that these skies are free from all the ferocious-desire laws of the Desire Boundary, and have attained perceptions and views of meditative stillness, therefore delights and laughs are born. The land has three skies, namely Godly Crowds Sky, Godly Assistants Sky, and Godly Body Sky.
First, Godly Crowds Skies, they have transcended the six Desire Skies, leaving afar drink and food, sexual desire, and sleep, the three kinds of annoyances, hence name of sky gods. Sky means immaculate, leaving contaminations afar; generally speaking, four meditation skies all are called gods, because they are all immaculate. Crowds means citizens, saying that they are citizens of the Lord of Great God Sky. They practiced meditation, created first meditation, meditative power is not deep yet, therefore, after the end of their lives, are born as godly citizens. They have perceptions and views inside, outside feel fire disasters would destruct them. Fire is a big seed (cf. section 11.2); the meaning of what fire destroys is that the unconscious (ancient as God-sense) adjusts itself at any time, and they change back to ordinary people at any time. This is said, in the words of the ancients, that they have fallen back to earth. Their average body length is half a yojana; life-expectancy is 20 small-catastrophes. Yojana is a Buddhist unit of length, the day's journey of a cow with a philosopher-stone bell under its neck.
（二）神辅天，辅者佐也，谓此天是大神天主之辅佐臣僚。盖以在欲界中，既得初禅，数数修习，禅力渐深，故命终已，得为神臣，身长一由旬，寿四十小劫。
（三）神身天（1），亦作尸弃（2），大神天 （3），造书天（4），四面佛（5），谓一尘刹土世界（6）之主。此有情在欲界中，数习初禅，次复诃厌觉观，舍弃初禅，入中间禅；已离觉染，未离观染，得名无觉唯观三昧（7）。于中求作天王，兼修四无量心（8），故感生此天。大神天在劫初生，劫尽灭，身高一由旬半，寿万岁。
Second, God Assistant Sky, saying that they are assistant ministers for Lord God-Body Sky. After they attainted first meditation in desire boundary, and they still practice from time to time, meditative power become deep and deeper, therefore, after death, are born as godly ministers. Body length is one yojana; life span is 40 small catastrophes.
Third, God-Body Sky (1), also known as Zombie Dumper (2), Great God Sky (3), Creating-Book Sky (4), Four Faces Buddha (5), is lord of one Dust Instant Soil World (6). This sentient being, in desire boundary, frequently practiced first meditation, then satiated, reprimanded, and abandoned first meditation, entered middle meditation. He or she is free of contamination of perception, still has pollution of view, gains the name of non-perception only-view stillness (7). Among which, he or she pursues to be sky king, also cultivate four infinite hearts (8), therefore is born as this sky. God-Body Sky is born at the beginning of the catastrophe, extinguishes at the end of the catastrophe. Body length is 1.5 yojanas; life span is ten thousand solar calendar years.
注13.2.1-1，神身天是初禅的身体感觉状态，和三岁以前的婴幼儿类似，思想意识以随念自我为主导。此法力量强大，尘世间无有能敌。在中华文化中，神身天被称作福、大力神，佛教中称作儒童，印度教作婆罗门，伊斯兰教、基督教、和古埃及文化中作亚伯，日耳曼文化作马格尼，墨西哥文化称为灵龙。
注13.2.1-2，弃尸亦为此人已经抛弃了贪、嗔、痴。贪、嗔、痴没有理性，却能动行身体，故被称作三位行尸大王。
注13.2.1-3，大神义义为上帝三人组（参见10.9《上帝三和合》），或其中的一位。
注13.2.1-4，造书天义为上帝三人组（参见10.9《上帝三和合》），或其中的一位。
Annotation 13.2.1-2, God-Body Sky is the physical perceptive state of the first meditation, like that of an infant or toddler before the age of three, where the mind is dominated by the along thought ego. The power of this law is great that there is no earthly match for it. In Chinese culture, God-Body Sky is called Fortune, aka. Great Strength God, Genius Children in Buddhism, Brahmin in Hinduism, Abel in Christianity Islam and Ancient Egyptian culture, Magni in Germanic culture, and Quetzalcoatl in Mexican culture.
Annotation 13.2.1-2, Zombie Dumper means that the person has abandoned Greed, Irritability, and Ignorance. Greed, Irritability, and Ignorance are irrational, but they can move the body, so they are called the three zombie kings.
Annotation 13.2.1-3, Big God means Godly trinity (see Section 10.9 Godly Trinity), or one of them.
Annotation 13.2.1-4, Creating-Book Sky means Godly trinity (see Section 10.9 Godly Trinity), or one of them.
注13.2.1-5，四面佛义为上帝三人组（参见10.9《上帝三和合》）加观众。此第四位佛名作阿迷驮佛。
注13.2.1-6，尘刹土世界参见14.1节《集起》。
注13.2.1-7，觉观又名寻伺，所以在一禅中，有觉有观定名有寻有伺地，无觉唯观定名无寻唯伺地。
注13.2.1-8， 四无量心，亦名四等，一）慈无量心，常求益事以利乐众生；二）悲无量心，愍念众生身受惑业苦的流转之苦（参见11.4.4.2-15 节《流转》）；三）喜无量心，随喜众生之所乐；四）舍无量心，谓法施、财施、无畏施。此四法具有无穷的法力，故名四无量心。
Annotation 13.2.1-5, the four-face Buddha is the God Trinity (see Section 10.9 Godly Trinity), plus audience. The fourth Buddha is known as A-Lost-Carrying Buddha.
Annotation 13.2.1-6, for the world of Dust Instant Soil, please refer to Section 14.1 Aggregate Arousal.
Annotation 13.2.1-7, “perception and view” are also known as “seeking and awaiting”, therefore, in first meditation, the “having-perception having-view stillness” is the “having-perception having-view land”; and the “non-perception only-view stillness” is called “non-seeking only awaiting land”.
Annotation 13.2.1-8, the “four infinite hearts” are also known as “four equalities”, are: 1) infinite merciful heart is to please all sentient beings, often do benevolent affairs to prosperously benefit them; 2) infinite sorrowful heart is to sympathize all sentient beings’ bitter and unfortune for drifting in the vicious cycles of Muddle Karma and Bitterness (cf. 11.4.4.2-15 Cycle); 3) infinite delightful heart is to be happy along with all sentient beings’ laughable affairs; 4) infinite renunciative heart is to often donate laws (i.e., to teach the laws), to donate assets, and to donate fearlessness (i.e., using lovable speeches to encourage people bravely facing difficulties). The four hearts have inexhaustible powers, therefore are named as four infinite hearts.
13.2.2 光音天 Light Sound Sky (Fig. 13.2-7)
定生喜乐地是色界的第二地，即二禅，谓此天已离初禅觉观动散，摄心在定，澹然凝静，而生胜定喜乐。住于此定，行者如从暗室中出，见日月光明，朗然洞彻也。内有喜故，外感水灾所坏。光音天统领大千世界中的一小千世界，有三天：少光天、无量光天、和光音天。
（一）少光天，谓此天光明少故。不论人中天上，欲界初禅，但于无觉唯观三昧。不住不着，专精求进，创得无觉无观三昧，入第二禅，禅力未深，命终得生少光天中。从二禅去，乃至非想非非想定，一切皆名无觉无观三昧，火灾不到。身纵广二由旬，寿二大劫。
“Stillness Producing Delight and Laugh Land” is the second land in the color boundary, is Second Meditation, saying that the sky is free from the dispersive moves of first meditation's perceptions and views, assimilates heart in stillness, tranquil and calm, and where delight and laugh are born from the victorious stillness. Dwelling in the stillness, migrator is like emerging from a dark room and seeing the light of the sun or the moon, swiftly understand all. Because of delight within, migrator feels water disaster damages from outside. The Light Sound Sky rules over a small thousand worlds (i.e., 1,000 Dust-Instant-Soil worlds) in the Three-Grand Great-Grand Worlds (i.e., a billion Dust-Instant-Soil worlds), and has three skies: Lesser Light Sky, Infinite Light Sky, and Light Sound Sky.
(1) Less Light Sky, which means that this sky has less light. Regardless of whether it is a human being, a sky being, or in first meditation of desire boundary, as long as one does not dwell in or attach to “Non-Perception Only-View Stillness”, diligently put effort to pursue advancement, creates “non-perception non-view stillness”, enters second meditation, meditative power is not deep, after end of life, is born in the Less Light Sky. From the second meditation to the “Neither Think nor Non-Think Stillness”, all are called “Non-Perception Non-View Stillness; fire disaster can not reach here. The body is two yojanas long and wide, lifespan is two catastrophes.
（二）无量光天 谓此天光明增胜，无限量故。人中天上，数习第二禅力，命终得生此天。寿四大劫，身四由旬。
（三）光音天（注1），谓此天以光明为语音故。人中天上，深入第二禅力，兼修四无量心，命终得生此天。寿八大劫，身八由旬。
注解13.2.2-1，光阴天亦作臆光天，是说意如同一支火炬（或探照灯），随所观照，观照的对象就被染质了，变成了众生。本文是从视觉幻觉来描述光阴天的，插图13.2-7是从听觉幻觉来描述光阴天的，那就是仙乐飘飘。
(2) Infinite Light Sky, which means infinite amount of increasing light. In skies or among humans, practicing the second meditation again and again, after death, is born in the sky. Lifespan is four catastrophes, and body is yojanas long and wide.
(3) Light Sound Sky (1), which means that the skies use lights as lingual sounds. Among humans or in skies, practicing the second meditation and cultivating the four infinite hearts, after life is born in the sky. Lifespan is 8 catastrophes, and body is 8 yojanas long and wide.
Annotation 13.2.2-1, The light sound sky is also called the Intentional Light Sky, which means that intent is like a torch (or searchlight), wherever observed, those objects are rendered with qualities, become sentients. This article describes light sound sky from the perspective of visual hallucinations. Illustrations 13.2-7 describes the light sound sky from the perspective of auditory hallucinations, that is, the godly music is fluttering.
13.2.3 三禅天 Third Meditation Sky (Fig. 13.2-6)
离喜妙乐地是色界第三地，即三禅地。古人以烦恼为地，清净为天，故禅定状态即是地，又是天。此天已离二禅天喜之踊动，因摄心谛观，泯然入定，而得胜妙之乐。行者住于此定，乐法增长，遍满身中。内有乐故，外感风灾所坏。三禅天统领大千世界中的一中千世界，即一百万尘刹土国，有三天。
Leaving-Delight Wonderful-Laugh Land is the third land of Color Boundary, is Third Meditation Land. The ancients regarded annoyances as earth and quietness as sky, so the states of meditation are both lands and skies. This sky has left the delightful surges of second meditation, because of delicately assimilating heart in stillness, swiftly enters stillness, attains laughs of victorious wonders. As the migrator dwells in the stillness, law of laugh grows, and fills up the body. Due to the inner laughs, one feels being damaged by wind disasters externally. Third Meditation Sky governs one medium-thousand (i.e., a million) worlds among the Tree-Thousand Great-Thousand Worlds, has three skies.
（一）少净天，谓此天意识乐受清净故。不论人中天上，但于二禅，不住不着，一心精进，创证第三禅者，命终即生此天。水灾不到，身长十六由旬，寿十六大劫。
（二）无量净天，谓此天净胜于前，不可量故。数修第三禅力，命终得生此天。身三十二由旬，寿三十二大劫。
（三）遍净天，谓此天乐受最胜，净周遍故。深入第三禅力，兼修四无量心，命终得生此天。身六十四由旬，寿六十四大劫。
(1) Maculate Sky, saying that because intent-sense of this sky enjoys immaculateness. Regardless of a human or a sky, only on second meditation, not to dwell and not to attach, a mind of refinement, whoever creates the third meditation, after life is in the sky. Water disaster can not reach here, body is 16 yojanas long and wide, lifespan is 16 catastrophes.
(2) Infinite Immaculate Sky, which means that this sky is more immaculate than the previous one, and the immaculateness is immeasurable. Again, and again practicing the third meditative power, after life one is reborn in this sky. Body is 32 yojanas and lifespan is 32 catastrophes.
(3) Omnipresent Immaculate Sky, which means that this sky is the most victorious in terms of laugh acceptance, because the immaculateness is all-pervasive. Deeply entering to third meditative power, also cultivating the four infinite hearts, after life will be born in this sky. Body is 64 yojanas, lifespan is 64 catastrophes.
13.2.4 四禅天 Fourth Meditation Sky (Fig. 13.2-5)
舍念清淨地是色界第四地，即四禅天，谓此天舍二禅之喜及三禅之乐，心无憎爱，一念平等，住于此定，空明寂静，万像皆现也，三灾俱不能到。四禅有九天，主领三千大千世界。
（一）无云天，此天及以上，云居轻薄，故名无云。不论人中天上，初、二、三禅，但于三禅，不昧不着，一心精进，创证第四禅者，命终得生此天。果报微妙，宫殿随身，并如云之地，亦所不需。身广纵一百二十五由旬，寿一百二十五大劫。
Renunciation Spell-Immaculateness Land is the fourth land in the color boundary, that is the fourth meditation sky, saying that this sky has abandoned the delight of second meditation and laugh of third meditation, heart is free of hate and love, one spell of equality, dwelling in the stillness, empty bright and silent, all phenomena manifests; disasters of fire water and wind can not reach here. Four meditation sky includes nine skies, lordly leads three-thousand big-thousand worlds (i.e., a billion worlds).
(1) Cloudless Sky, this sky and above, the clouds are light and thin, hence the name of cloudless. Regardless of human, sky, the first, second and third meditation, as long as one does not conceive, and not attach to the third meditation, one-heart refinement, creation of the fourth meditation, the end of life to be born in this sky. The fruits are so marvelous, palaces are following the body, with lands like clouds are not needed. Body is 125 yojanas, lifespan is 125 catastrophes.
（二）福生天，谓此天修胜福力，而生其中，从因得名。数修第四禅力，命终得生此天。身广纵二百五十由旬，寿二百五十大劫。
（三）广果天，谓此天果报广大，无能胜故。深入第四禅力，兼修四无量心，命终得生此天。身广纵五百由旬，寿五百大劫。
(2) Fortune Birth Sky, saying that the sky cultivates victorious fortune power, therefore is born in the sky, hence the name. Again, and again cultivating the fourth meditative power, after life is born in this sky. Body is 250 yojanas, and lifespan is 250 catastrophes.
(3) Gigantic Fruit Sky, which means that the fruit recompenses of this sky are so vast that those can not be surpassed. Deeply entering fourth meditative power and cultivating the four infinite hearts, after life is born in the sky. Body is 500 yojanas, and lifespan is 500 catastrophes.
（四）无想天，亦名长寿天，于人中天上，秉承邪说，厌患粗想，数数修习，依第四禅，灭除前六识、心、及心所有法，令不现行。心灭为首，故名无想定。初生半劫，犹有微想，作意入定，六识不行。共经四百九十九大劫，如其本时习定之相，不动不摇，无所分别。至后半劫，由种子力，想心复生，便从此没，堕落欲界。
（五）无烦天，谓此天离欲界苦及色界乐，苦乐两灭无烦恼故。身广纵九千由旬，寿五千大劫。
此天以及随后四天名五净居天，亦作五不还天。不还天是什么意思？因为净识害有，居于此天，益受增长，能得五沙门果中的不还果（参见15.2节）。
(4) Thinking-less Sky, also known as Longevity Sky, among humans or skies, adhering to heretical doctrines, averse to rough thinkings, practises and cultivations, depending on fourth meditative power to terminate the first six senses, the heart, and laws belong to heart, having them not to present. It is the first to terminate thinkings, therefore the name of Thinking-less Stillness. In the first half of catastrophe, there is still the slightest thinkings, making intention to stillness, then the six senses do not migrate. Later during 499 catastrophes, the being is as immovable and non-discriminating as it was at the time of its birth. In the last half catastrophe, due to the power of seed, the thinking heart resurrects. The being disappears from here, falls down desire boundary.
(5) Non-Annoyance Sky, which means that this sky is free from the bitter of desire boundary and laugh of color boundary, therefore neither bitter nor laugh, no annoyances at all. Body is 9,000 yojanas, and lifespan is 5,000 catastrophes.
This sky and the four following ones are called the Five Immaculate-Dwell Skies, also known as the Five No Return Skies. What is the meaning of the No Return? Because immaculate senses harm haves, and can let beneficial acceptance grow, so residing in these five skies can achieve the No Return fruit of the four shamanic fruits (cf. section 15.2).
（六）无热天，谓此天研究心境，无依无处，清凉自在，无热恼故。身长一万二千由旬，寿九千大劫。此天广阔，多池多树。有一大池名无热，池的东西南北各有一条大河。一名大醒识河，二名大幻识河，三名大梦识河，四名大散识河。此四条大河贯通四大洲，与四海相连。树林里多有凤凰，唯栖于树的第三枝，以龙为食。各池中的龙多有凤凰之灾；唯无热大池里的龙无此祸患。若凤凰想去无热池猎龙，一想，它就死了。
(6) Non-Fervidity Sky, saying that this sky studies the environment of heart, no reliant no place, is cool and self sufficient, no annoyance fervidity at all. Body is 12,000 yojanas, and lifespan is 9,000 catastrophes. The sky is vast, with many ponds and trees. There is a large pool named No Fervidity, of which east, north, west, and south, each direction, there is a great river. One is the great river of Wakeful Senses, second is the great river of Hallucination Senses, third is the great river of Dream Senses, and the fourth is great river of Loose Senses. These four rivers run through the four continents and are connected to the four seas. There are many phoenixes in the woods, but they only perch on the third branch of the trees and feed on dragons. Most of the dragons in each pool are subject to the disaster of the phoenix; only the dragon in the great No Fervidity Pool is free from such disaster. If a phoenix wants to hunt a dragon in the No Fervidity Pool, it will die as soon as it thinks about it.
（七）善见天，谓此天妙见十方世界圆澄，无尘垢故。身广纵一万八千由旬，寿一万二千大劫。
（八）善现天，谓此天空无障碍，精见现前故。身长两万四千由旬，寿一万四千大劫。
（九）色究竟天，谓此天于诸尘几微之处研穷究竟故。身广纵三万六千由旬，寿一万六千大劫。又，色究竟中有摩醯首螺天，此作大自在天。
(7) Excellent Sight Sky, saying that the sky can wonderfully see worlds in ten directions in perfect condensates, no dusts at all. Body is 18,000 yojanas, and lifespan is 12,000 catastrophes.
(8) Benevolent Manifestation Sky, saying that this sky has no obstacle because essential views present at front. Body is 24,000 yojanas, and lifespan is 14,000 catastrophes.
(9) Color Finalization Sky, saying that this sky studies dusts to their extremes, has finalized them. Body is 36,000 yojanas, and lifespan is 16,000 catastrophes. Also, in the Color Finalization Sky, there is a “Mexi First-Conch Sky”, here, it is called Great Self-Sufficient Sky.
摩醯首螺是什么意思？摩醯首螺义为双身佛，或双身神，即阿弥陀佛。摩醯，欧洲文化中作摩西（Moses），本文中是插图15右端的那根线，代表墨西哥的生命线，代表书。首螺是插图15左端的那个螺壳，代表翠玉女（玉女，夏娃），代表她是墨西哥名族的始祖母。插图1至22是墨西哥（又名金童，亚当，特拉洛克，狮子，活跃于公元1325年）画的。图38显示他年青时就在研究如何画生命之树的树干。图37显示中年的墨西哥正在画生命之树的树干。上面一只腐尸虫正在叮月牙儿脸，表示他要把四禅天用摩醯首螺来表示，为此他与翠玉女发生了分歧。因为翠玉女要用 “她自己惊奇地看着玉米穗” （如图4所示）来表达 “空无边处天” 的概念。最终墨西哥妥协了，他把自己化成了图15上面的那只看守天门的狗。
What does “Mexi First-Conch” mean? It means two-body God or Buddha, means Ometeotl. Mexi is Moses in European culture. In this article, it is the line on the right side of Illustration 15, which represents the lifeline of Mexico and the book. The conch is the shell on the left side of Illustration 15, which represents Chalchiuhtlicue (Jade Girl, Eve), representing that she is the primogenitor mother of Mexican. Illustrations 1 to 22 were drawn by Mexico (also known as Gold Boy, Adam, Tlaloc, and Jaguar, active in 1325 CE.). Illustration 38 shows that he was studying how to draw the trunk of Life Tree when he was young. Illustration 37 shows that the middle-age Mexico is drawing the trunk of Life Tree. A carrion beetle is biting the crescent face above, indicating that he wanted to use the “Mexi First-Conch” to represent the fourth meditation sky, and he had a disagreement with Chalchiuhtlicue, because she wanted to use "her own surprise looking at the corn ears" (as shown in Figure 4) to express the concept of “Edgeless Empty Sky”. Finally, Mexico compromised and transformed himself into the dog guarding the Sky Door as shown in Figure 15.
13.3 无色界 Colorless Boundary (Figs. 13.3-4 to 1)
无色界有四天，亦作四胜智，四金刚智；在三界九地的说法中，此四天亦被称作四处或四地。四胜智是说在上帝左翼蜂鸟发起的奥林运动中，墨西哥这只乌龟跑赢了其它499只兔子，最终于公元1325年赢得了翠玉女的芳心，与她结合成了新的阿弥陀（Ometeotl，如图13.3.3-38所示）。
读者可在图38中看出，图1至3中的 “V” 型代表胜利。作者我认为此 “V” 型源自尖底桶（如图1，2，和3图的中间所示），表示此器可盛智慧之水，表示此四天是四种胜定（参见12.3节）。
There are four skies in the colorless boundary, also known as the Four Victorious Intelligences and Four Philosopher-Stone Intelligences; in the saying of “three boundaries nine lands”, the four skies are also called the four places or four lands. The saying of Four Victorious Intelligences is that in the Ollin Movement sponsored by Huitzilopochtli, Mexico, the tortoise, outran the other 499 rabbits and finally won the heart of Chalchiuhtlicue in 1325 C.E., and fused with her to become a new Ometeotl (as shown in Figure 13.3.3-38).
The reader can see in Figure 38 that the “V” shape in Figures 1 to 3 represents victory. Author, I believe that this “V” shape originated from the pointed-bottom bucket (as shown in the middle of Figures 1, 2, and 3), indicating that these vessels can hold the water of gnostic intelligence, indicating that these four skies are the four kinds of victorious stillness (see Section 12.3).
13.3.1 空无边处天 Edgeless Empty Place Sky (fig. 13.3-4)
谓此天厌于色身系缚，不得自在，心缘虚空，与无色相应，住空处定。不论人中天上，初、二、三、四禅中，但除无想天和五不还天，余修空处定者，若得成就，则命终便生此天。既无色蕴，不可说有方隅处所，唯有微细第六意识，所缘无边虚空，为其处也。寿二万一千大劫。
Saying that this sky was satiated with bondages of color body, felt not self-sufficient, so with heart to aggregate empty, and matched with empty, therefore dwelling in the empty place stillness. Regardless of among humans, among skies, or in the first, second, third, or fourth meditation, except for the Thoughtless Sky and the Five No Return Skies, all practitioners of empty stillness, if he or she achieves it, then after-life is born in this sky. Since no color node, should not say that there is location or house. There is only the delicate sixth sense (i.e., consciousness), and the objective is edgeless empty which is its place. Lifespan is 21,000 catastrophes.
注13.3-1，此天的空是无意识（古作神识）默认的空色，例如远处天和地交界处的灰色，那不是日常的灰色，而是无意识用自己默认的灰色来区分天和地的。插图4用 “翠玉女惊讶地看着玉米穗” 来表示那是 “空无边处天” 。古墨西哥人用玉米穗来代表翠玉女（夏娃，如图39）所创作的 “到达方舟” ，表示 “到达方舟” 是上帝左翼蜂鸟赐予墨西哥子孙的 “意思食” （参见11.5《四食谛》）。
Annotation 13.3-1, The emptiness of this sky is the default color of emptiness of the unconscious (anciently known as God-sense), for example, the gray color at the junction of the sky and the earth in the distance, that is not daily life gray, but the unconscious uses its own default gray color to distinguish between the sky and the earth. Illustration 4 uses "Chalchiuhtlicue (Eve, see fig. 39) looking at the corn cobs in surprise" to indicate that it is the "Edge-less Empty Sky”. The ancient Mexicans used corn cobs to represent the "Arrival Ark" created by Chalchiuhtlicue, indicating that the Arrival Ark is the "Mana Food” (see section 11.5 "Four Food Crux") given to the descendants of Mexico by God Huitzilopochtli.
为什么“翠玉女惊讶地看着玉米穗”能代表 “空无边天”？因为玉女（夏娃）的语言天赋好，逻辑能力强，她编写的《到达方舟》中运用了大量的矩阵（范文参见17.1《心经》）。读时，读者需要上下，前后反复读，像似在啃玉米棒子似的；所以古墨西哥人就用玉米棒子来代表《到达方舟》了。《到达方舟》中所运用的主要心理学原理是 “净识害有” ，翠玉女总是运用 “空识” 来清洗（即洗礼、割礼）读者的身心，就好似翠玉女是在 “空无边天” 造出《到达方舟》的。
Why can "Chalchiuhtlicue looking at the corn cobs in surprise” represent the Edgeless Empty Sky? Because Chalchiuhtlicue (Eve) is gifted with language and logic, she wrote the “Arrival Ark” (for a model text, see section 17.1 Heart Sutra) in which she utilized many matrices. When reading, the reader needs to read up and down, back and forth repeatedly, as if nipping on a corncob; that's why the ancient Mexicans used a corncob to represent the Ark of Arrival. The main psychological principle used in Arrival Ark is that "Immaculate senses harm haves”. Chalchiuhtlicue always uses "empty senses" to cleanse (i.e., to baptize, to circumcise, to mind-wash) readers' bodies and minds. This is like saying that she created the "Arrival Ark" in the "Edgeless Empty Place Sky".
13.3.2 识无边处天 Edgeless Senses Place Sky (Fig. 13.3-3)
谓此天厌虚空无边，于是即舍虚空，转心缘识，以识为处故。不论欲界色界空处，但修识处定成，命终即生此天。唯以微细第六意识，所缘无边心识，为其处也。寿四万二千大劫。
Saying that the sky was bored with Edgeless Empty, so abandoned vague empty, turned heart to aggregate senses, therefore by Edgeless Senses as place. Regardless of desire boundary, color boundary, or empty place, if cultivated the Senses Place Stillness, after-life is born in this sky. Only the subtle sixth sense, those objectives are edgeless heart senses, which are the place. Lifespan is 42,000 catastrophes.
13.3.3 无所有处天 No Objective Have Place Sky (Fig. 13.3-2)
谓此天厌于识处无边，于是舍识，入无所有处；谓不用前空处识处故。不论欲界、色界、空处、识处，但修无所有处定成，命终即生此天。唯以微细第六意识，所缘非空非色境界，为其处也。其王三昧（注3），名之为乐。寿六万三千大劫。
注13.3-3，三昧，即三昧地，是梵语，汉语义为正定，如本章的色界18天，无色界4天就是22种三昧地，即22种正定。
Saying that this sky surfeited Edgeless Senses Place, so abandoned Senses Place, enters No Objective Have Place; it is said that because he or she does not use the Empty Place and Senses Place. Regardless of the desire boundary, color boundary, empty place, or senses place, if successfully cultivates the No Objective Have Place, at end of one’s life, will be born in this sky. Only with little sixth sense, the objective is environment of neither empty nor colorless, which is its place, is king among Samadhis (2), namely Ho-Ho-Ho (i.e., sounds of laugh). Lifespan is 63,000 catastrophes.
Annotation 13.3-3, Samadhi is a Sanskrit word, and its Chinese meaning is Correct Stillness, such as the 18 skies in color boundary, and 4 skies in colorless boundary, are 22 samadhis, are 22 kinds of correct stillness.
13.3.4 非想非非想处天 Neither Thinking nor Thinking-less Place Sky (Fig. 13.3-1)
谓此天居无色界之极顶，非无所有处之无想，非识无边处之有想。唯以极微细第六识，所缘非有非无境界为其处也。不论欲色二界，空等三处，但修非非想处定成，命终即生此天。寿八万四千大劫，居三有（注4）顶，更无可进。
注13.3-4，记忆有，习气有，就是有；因果不忘为有。三有，即13.1节的欲界，13.2节的色界，和本节的无色界；此三界人人都有，故名三有。
Saying that this sky is at the top of the colorless boundary, neither thoughtless of “No Objective Have Place” nor thinkings of “Edgeless Senses Place”. Only with the extremely subtle sixth sense, those objectives are environment of neither have nor none, which is its place. Regardless of the desire boundary, color boundary, empty place, senses place, or no objective have place, as long as one achieves the Neither Thinking nor Thinking-less Place Stillness, after-life is reborn in this sky. With a lifespan of 63,000 catastrophes, the sky dwells at top of Three Haves (4), no further to go.
Annotation 13.3-4, having memories or having habits is named have; cause and effect are not forgotten is have. Three Haves, mean that section 13.1 Desire Boundary, section 13.2 Color Boundary, and this section of Colorless Boundary are three haves, because everyone has the three.
13.4 统观大千世界 General View of the Great-Grand World
总观三千大千世界，可得，流转，八种苦相，十趣因果，和25有。
Taking a general view of the Three-Grand Great-Grand Worlds, one can obtain the vicious cycle, eight bitterness, ten interests of causes and fruits, and 25 haves.
13.4.1 流转 Cycle
六趣有情迁流于三界九地之中，不得休息和出离，其因果不出十二有枝：无明、行、识、名色、六处、触、受、爱、取、有、生、老死。
无明义为昏暗、想知道得清楚些，即是无知，从而引发了行枝的运动。此运动，或说由行枝引起的不同，就是识，就是识枝。虽说行枝和识枝同时而有，依据因果，把此二分了先后。就这样，无明枝和行枝引发了后面五枝业果。
Sentient beings of the Six Interests drift among the three boundaries nine lands, their causes and fruits are among the twelve have branches: Non-Light (Ignorance), Migration, Sense, Name-Color, Six Places, Touch, Acceptance, Love, Fetch, Have, Birth, Old Death.
Non-Light means dim, and wanting to know, is Ignorance, so that causes the Migration Branch to move. Differences caused by Migration Branch are Senses, are Sense Branch. Although the Migration Branch and Sense Branch come into existence at the same time, based on cause and effect, we divide these two into successive stages. In this way, the Non-light Branch and Migration Branch trigger the next five fruits branches.
识、名色、六处、触、和受，五枝被称作五果，义为它们过去业习气果的现行。识枝把信息传播到了名色枝。名即四无色蕴， 即受蕴、想蕴、行蕴、和识蕴，色即色蕴；名和色合在一起就是心，但此时心并不明了，只能说是识正把信息向有情身心扩散。明是明白、内明的光明。当六处收到信息后，由于先业的作用，心开始形成，所以触枝显现了。触（参见11.4.4.1.1节）是遍行心所有法的触枝，有类似于心的功能，可以为心的形成提供动力。当六处明了，受枝就出现了。受枝遇痛则死；若遇到可爱果，受会招引位于三界九地的同类法来摄取可爱果。受枝出现之后，心就变得明了了。一而再，再而三，就引发了后面的孕育三枝。
The five branches of Sense, Name Color, Six Places, Touch, and Acceptance are called Five Fruits, meaning the fruitful performances of their past karmic habits. The Sense branch transmits information to the Name Color Branch. Names are the four colorless nodes, i.e., acceptance node, think node, migration node, and sense node; Color is color node. Name and Color together are the heart, the flesh body and mind, but at this point, the heart is not illuminated yet; it can only be said that the Senses are spreading the information to the heart, i.e., the flesh body and mind. Illumination is saying of internal light, light of enlightenment. After Six Places (Cf. section 11.3) receive the information, due to karma, heart starts to form, therefore a similar heart, Touch Branch arises. Touch is an Omnipresent Heartland Laws (Cf. section 11.4.4.1.1), can provides heart power during heart formation. After the Six Places are illuminated, the Acceptance Branch appears. When Acceptance Branch encounters pain, it dies; if it encounters lovely fruits, can summon similar laws located in the three boundaries and nine lands. After the emergence of the Acceptance Branch, the heart is fully illuminated. Repeatedly and again, it triggers the later three gestation branches.
爱、取、有三枝可以孕育有情，所以被古人称作能生枝。可爱果是异熟果（参见11.6.1节），稀少，像是农业产品，数量有限；而受枝的享受者是等流果。等流果易招，异熟果难求，进而爱生。爱是肥水，能孕育万物，会导致取枝的出现。一而再，再而三，有枝就出现了。什么是有？记忆有，习气有就是有。有枝会导致后面的生枝和老死枝。
The three branches of Love, Fetch, and Have can give birth to interests, and so they were called three gestation branches by Ancient Virtues. Lovable fruits are mutant fruits (cf. Section 11.6.1), scarce, like agricultural products, limited in quantities; and the enjoyers of the Acceptance Branch are equal-stream fruits. Equal-stream fruits are easy to summon, but mutant fruits are hard to get, therefore Love Branch emerges. Love is fertile water, can brew anything, therefore Fetch Branch emerges. More, and again, Have Branch is formed. What is the have? Having memory and having habit are haves. Have Branch can induce later branches of Birth and Old Death.
生支和老死枝是被前文的能生支引发的。从无到有为生。衰败为老。灭绝为死。死不一定出现，所以古人用老死来建立此枝。前习气已被孕育了，这出生就是必然的了，随后就有了愁、叹、苦、忧、恼、老死。
十二有支亦惑业苦三轮来摄取。惑摄无明支、爱支和取支。业摄行支和有支。苦摄识、名色、六处、触、受、生和老死。名色、六处、触、受和识即是有情身心；生死是有情的烦恼。因此苦轮所摄就是苦海中的众生。这样，这十二有支的因果循环，就变成了：众生受苦起惑，因惑起行造业，业又生苦；如是惑业苦循环无尽。
The Birth Branch and Old Death Branch are induced by the preceding gestation branches. From nothing to something is birth. Decay or deterioration is old. Extinction is death. Death does not necessarily arise, so the ancients used old-ness and death together to establish this branch. The former habit having been conceived, this Birth is inevitable, followed by sorrow, sighing, bitterness, worry, anguish, and old death.
The twelve have branches can also be assimilated by a Wheel composed of Muddle Karma and Bitter. Muddle assimilates Non-light, Love, and Fetch. Karma assimilates Migration and Have. Bitter assimilates Sense, Name Color, Six Places, Touch, Acceptance, Birth, and Old Death. Name Color, Six Places, Touch, Acceptance, and Sense are sentient beings' bodies and minds. Birth and Death are sentient beings' annoyances. Thus, the Bitter takes in all sentient beings in the bitter sea. In this way, the cycle of cause and fruit of these twelve have branches becomes: sentient beings receive bitter to create muddles, and because of muddles they create karma, and karma gives rise to bitter; so, the Wheel of Muddle Karma and Bitter is rolling itself ceaselessly.
此十二有枝，古人称作十二缘起，亦作流转真如，是佛教中的七真如之一。契经中是这样描述的：无明望行、行望识、识望名色、名色望六处、六处望触、触望受、受望爱、爱望取、取望有、有望生、生望老死，起愁叹苦忧恼，成大苦具。
These twelve have branches, which the Sanskrit word is pratītya-samutpāda-a?ga, also known as Samsara True-Suchness, is one of the seven kinds of true suchness in Buddhism. The harmonious sutra describes it like this: Non-Light watches Migration, Migration watches Sense, Sense watches Name-Color, Name-Color watches Six Places, Six Places watch Touch, Touch watches Acceptance, Acceptance watches Love, Love watches Fetch, Fetch watches Have, have watches Birth, Birth watches Old Death, arise a great worry, sighing, bitter, gloomy, a great annoying aggregate is formed.
13.4.2 八苦 Eight Bitterness
（一）生苦，事物从无变有为生；新事新物总是不断地出现，令人身心生起种种的苦受。
（二）老苦，事物变异衰败为老；事物总是不断地变老变坏，令人身心生起种种的苦受。
（三）病苦，新旧事物老是出毛病，起冲突，令人身心生起种种的苦受。
（四）死苦，事物从有变无为死；已有的事物总是不断地消失永别，令人身心生起种种的苦受。
(1) Birth Bitter, birth means from none to have; new things are always appearing, causing kinds of bitter acceptances in the body and heart.
(2) Old Bitter, old means deterioration, decay; things are constantly deteriorating, causing kinds of bitter acceptances in the body and heart.
(3) Illness Bitter, often getting diseases, causing kinds of bitter acceptances in the body and heart.
(4) Death Bitter, that means things from haves to none; things that already have often disappear, giving rise to kinds of bitter in the body and heart.
（五）怨憎会苦，心目中常时怨恨憎恶的坏人，希望他长时远离，但偏与之有集聚会合。
（六）爱别离苦，自己亲爱的人事物，希望常相聚会，但偏有违缘逆境，使其分散。
（七）求不得苦，对于世间希求想得的财物、名位，及一切心中所爱乐的事物而不能有。
（八）五蕴胜苦，五蕴（参见11.4节）的生长繁荣昌盛，衰败凋零枯竭，世事变迁，增减不定，令人身心生起种种的苦受。
(5) Bitter of Meeting with the Grudges and Hatred; those bad people whom one always grudges and hates in mind, wishing that he or she would stay away for a long time, but often meeting with them.
(6) Bitter of Separation from Love, in which people and things dear to one's heart, wishing to be together with them, but there are contrary causes and adversities that cause them to be scattered.
(7) Bitter from can not be owned, not getting those assets and fames which mundane beings wish and strive to own, and those lovable laughable affairs in heart can not be owned.
(8) Bitter from the Five Nodes are victorious, Five Nodes (cf. section 11.4) grow prosperous and flourishing, and they deteriorate and deplete, the mundane affairs are changing, the increase and decrease are uncertain, giving rise to kinds of bitter in the body and mind.
前八种苦相可以被总结为三种苦性：苦苦、坏苦、行苦。前五种苦是新苦遇旧苦，苦水流出，故苦，所以被命名为苦苦；这是苦的自性。知道了苦的自性，遇到苦时，不要再追忆创伤，避免苦泉的喷发。
八苦中，（六）爱别离苦和（七）求不得苦，是由得乐之后，乐变坏形成的，所以叫做坏苦；这是苦的自相。此苦来源于辨别，不辨别不就没了。
The proceeding eight kind of bitter phenomena can be summarized as the three types of bitter natures: bitter-bitter, damage bitter, and migration bitter. The first five types of bitter are new bitter meeting old bitter, bitter water flowing out, hence bitter, therefore are named as Bitter-Bitter, which are self-nature of bitter. Knowing the self-nature of bitter, when one encounters bitter, should not tracing recall old trauma, so to avoid the eruption of bitter fountain.
Of the Eight Bitter, (6) bitter of separation from Love, and the (7) bitter from can not be owned, are formed by the deterioration of happiness after it has been attained, and are therefore called Damage Bitter, which is the self-phenomena of bitter. This bitter comes from discrimination; without discrimination it is not.
八苦的最后一项是五蕴胜苦，是由意（即前意识）不断迁流变动形成的，所以叫做行苦。行苦的行是苦因，或者说是苦根。行即是迁徙，漂流的意思。佛教定义有思想活动，就是有行，即有行苦。这行苦的定义使三界九地，除了无所有处天，都有行苦。又四大种中，识是水，所以 “三千大千世界” 就立刻沉没于苦海了。苦谛就这样被建立了，所以苦是谛安立真如。
The last of the Eight Bitters is the Bitter from the Five Nodes are victorious, which is formed by the constant migration of Intent, which is preconsciousness, also known as Eve-sense, is therefore called Migration Bitter. Migration is the cause of the bitter, or the root of the bitter. Buddhism defines whatever having mental activities as having Migration, then there are Migration Bitter. This definition of Migration Bitter makes the Three Boundaries Nine Land, except “No Objective Have Sky”, all have Migration Bitter. And of the four big seeds, sense is water (cf. section 11.2), so the “Three-Grand Great-Grand Worlds” immediately sink into bitter sea. Like this, Bitter Crux is established, therefore Bitter Crux is Establishment True-Suchness.
13.4.3 十趣因果 Ten Interests’ Reasons and Fruits
总观三千大千世界中的三界九地，可得十趣因果。
（一）嗔恚邪淫，即地狱业，极苦无间，即地狱果。
（二）愚痴暗蔽，即畜生业，昏钝困苦，即畜生果。
（三）悭贪不施，即饿鬼业，缺乏不遂，即饿鬼果。
Summarizing the three boundaries nine lands in the three-grand great-grand worlds, one can obtain ten interests' reasons and fruits.
(1) Irritability hate and heretical sexual conduct are hell karma, extremely bitter without intermittent rest, i.e., hell fruit.
(2) Foolishly ignorance and gloomily concealment are livestock karma, gloomily dull and difficult bitter, i.e., livestock fruit.
(3) stingy, greedy, and no donation are hungry ghost karma, short of supplies and failure, i.e., hungry ghost fruit.
（四）我慢贡高，即修罗业，战斗争夺，即修罗果。
（五）坚持五戒，即人道业，苦乐夹杂，即人道果。
（六）精修十善，即天道业，享受福乐，即欲天果。
（七）知缘性离，即缘觉业，证因缘觉，即缘觉果。
(4) I (i.e., Seth, cf. section 11.4.4.1.4) arrogance and lifting oneself high are asura karma, combat expostulation and robbery, i.e., asura fruit.
(5) adhere to the five precepts, are human karma, interlaced with bitter and laugh, i.e., humanity fruit.
(6) diligently cultivating the ten benevolences are sky-path karma, enjoying acceptances of fortune and laugh, i.e., desire sky fruit.
(7) knowing aggregate-arousal (cf. section 14.1) off nature is “aggregate-arousal perception” karma, proving causes of aggregate arousal, i.e., “aggregate-arousal perception” fruit.
（八）证悟人空，即小乘业，证小涅槃，即罗汉果。
（九）渡行齐修，即大乘业，渐入觉位，即菩萨果。
（十）真慈平等，即神佛业，成圆觉满，即神佛果。
插图13.4.3-1至35是古墨西哥人对此十趣因果的表现形式。插图36是中华文化中对此十趣因果的表现形式，称作大圆镜智。
(8) testified and realized that human is empty, are small vehicle fruit, testament on small nirvana, i.e. Ararat fruit.
(9) practicing both cultivation and salvation, are great vehicle karma, gradually entering enlightenment position, i.e., bodhisattva fruit.
(10) true mercifulness and even equality are God Buddha karma, perfect achievement, and full enlightenment, i.e., God Buddha Fruit.
Illustrations 13.4.3-1 to 35 are the ancient Mexicans’ representation of the causes and fruits of the ten interests. Illustration 36 is the Chinese cultural representation of the causes and fruits of the ten interests, which is called the Great Round Mirror Intelligence.
13.4.4 二十五有 25 Haves
三界九地总言十趣因果（如图13.4.3-35、36所示），别言25有。有即记忆有，业习气有，因果不忘。欲界中的地狱趣、畜生趣、饿鬼趣，这三恶趣为3有。修罗趣为1有；人趣的四洲为4有；六欲天为6有，所以欲界总计14有。色界中的神众天和神辅天为1有；大神天为1有；光音天中的三天为1有；三禅中的三天为1有；四禅中的前三天为1有，无想天为1有，五不还天为1有，所以色界总计为7有。无色界的四天各为1有。如是，三界九地总计为25有；此25有人人都有。
The three boundaries nine lands, generally to say, are ten interests of reasons and fruits (see fig. 13.4.3-35, 36), another saying, are 25 haves. Memory haves, habitual haves, causes vs. fruits are not forgotten, are haves. In desire boundary, hell interest, livestock interest, and hungry ghost interest, the three ferocious interests (fig. 22, 21, and 20) are three haves. Asura interest (fig. 19) is 1 have; the four continents of humanity are 4 haves; six desire skies are 6 haves; therefore, the desire boundary totally has 14 haves. In color boundary, godly crowds sky and godly assistant sky are counted as 1 have; the three skies in light sound sky are counted as 1 have; three skies in third meditation sky are counted as 1 have; the first three skies in fourth meditation sky are counted as 1 have; longevity sky is 1 have; five No Return Skies are 1 have; so that color boundary totally counts as 7 haves. The four skies in colorless boundary, each count as 1 have. Thus, three boundaries nine lands are counted as 25 haves in total, which everybody has.
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13 苦谛 Bitter Crux
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