马凯硕 印度制造业永远比不上中国

马凯硕：印度制造业永远比不上中国

Kishore Mahbubani: INDIA Will Never Beat China on Manufacturing

 2025年4月15日 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bvh7oncyYeM

为什么中国能够精准地向前迈进，而印度却在混乱中跌跌撞撞却依然生存下来？英语是印度的力量，还是殖民统治遗留下来的思想枷锁？当中国的中央集权与印度的民主混乱发生碰撞时，又会发生什么？这不仅仅是地缘政治分析，更是对两个崛起巨人的心理和哲学解构。每一分钟都充满了残酷的真相、被掩盖的历史和令人瞠目结舌的洞见。

印度 vs. 中国：混沌 vs. 控制模式 中国的成功得益于政府，你记录了这一点。印度的成功并非源于政府，所以有人对我感到厌烦，他说，拜托，基肖。如果情况恶化，会发生什么？我说会很混乱。他回答说，在印度，我们每天都处于混乱之中。1962年中印之间发生了边界战争。大多数印度人都知道这一点。所以，印度对中国有一定的迷恋，但中国对印度没有这种迷恋。这是一种不对称的关系。亚洲的未来将取决于一个大问题。中国和印度能否和睦相处？因为我们是这两个最大的社会。你即将观看的是科索尔·马布巴尼教授和复旦大学蒋炜炜教授之间的精彩对话。为什么印度仍然在英国人的头脑中思考？相信我，这场对话将彻底改变你对中印竞争和关系的看法。它充满了你不想错??过的深刻见解。现在我有一个有趣的问题要问你，你提到没错，印度裔美国人在美国取得了巨大的成功。但如果我们看看印度这个国家，我去过那里三次，我觉得如何真正让印度人民的潜力转化为现代化和成功的国家建设？从我中国人的角度来看，这是一个非常艰巨的挑战。呃，某种程度的社会改革，甚至革命，可能需要为中国的社会改革与印度的停滞找借口。我的中国偏见是，比如妇女解放、土地改革，当然是在宪法层面。印度已经废除了种姓制度，但种姓制度仍然渗透在社会中。那么，如何克服这种社会条件，才能真正调动印度人民的潜力，建设一个成功的国家？你说得对，中国在很多方面都领先于印度。呃，中国的大马士革人口（GMP）规模是印度大马士革人口的五六倍，规模要大得多。印度已经进行了土地改革，进行了大量的社会改革，印度必须赶上中国。但是让我解释一下为什么我认为印度会成功，因为我必须顺便告诉你，印度的社会与中国截然不同。我举个例子，他们说中国印度理工学院（IIT）和《印度海外天才——为什么不在国内？》的成功是因为它的政府，你也记录了这一点。印度的成功，尽管它的政府非常不同，但它仍然成功。印度很混乱，而且每天都很混乱。我给你讲个故事，在金融危机最严重的时候，我在印度给印度理工学院大会发表演讲，那是一次非常重要的大会，顺便说一下，印度理工学院是培养美国CEO最多的机构。印度理工学院，美国所有顶尖的CEO都来自印度科技界，所以我在金融危机最严重的时候参加了大会，和一群印度商人一起吃午饭，他说：“你们不担心大金融危机国家崩溃吗？但他们看起来并不担心。”所以我说，拜托，莫迪反西方的文化大革命难道不是你们担心的吗？所以有个人对我感到厌烦，他说，拜托，基肖，如果情况恶化，会发生什么？我说会很混乱，他回答说，在印度，我们每天都处于混乱之中，所以环境非常不同，但我可以告诉你，资本，你知道我是卡尔·L·马克思的学生，我在加拿大学习了一年。卡尔·马克思实际上出色地记录了资本主义如何真正创造了令人难以置信的社会变革，在欧洲，封建制度被资本主义摧毁了，对吧？正是工业革命将资本赋予了资本家，封建阶级失去了权力。同样的事情也发生在印度。你可以看到《纽约时报》头版有一篇非常精彩的报道，我在我的一本书中引用了它，讲述了你提到的印度最底层的贱民，他们就像手机和土地改革：谁赢了？从某种意义上说，他们没有希望，突然通过参与资本主义和市场，发展他们自己，阶级差异开始消失，所以从这个意义上说，我认为 KL Marx 提供了部分

Kishore Mahbubani: INDIA Will Never Beat China on Manufacturing!

 2025年4月15日 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bvh7oncyYeM

Why does China leap forward with precision while India stumbles through chaos and still somehow survives? Is English India’s strength or a leftover mental chain from colonial rule? And what happens when China’s centralized power collides with India’s democratic disarray? This is not just geopolitical analysis—it’s a psychological and philosophical deconstruction of two rising giants. Every minute is packed with hard truths, suppressed history, and jaw-dropping insight.

India vs China: The Chaos vs Control Model

china succeeds because of its government

and you documented this india succeeds

despite its government so one guy got

fed up with me he said come on Kishaw

what's going to happen if these things

get worse i said there'll be chaos he

replied in India we have chaos every day

that there was a border war fought between China and India in 1962 most Indians are aware of this so there is a certain obsession in India

about China but you don't have the obsession in China over India it's a

asymmetrical uh relationship the future of Asia will

depend on one big question can China and India get along

because we are the these are the two biggest societies you're about to watch

an incredible conversation between Professor Kosor Mabubani and Professor

Jeang Wei Weii from Foudan University Why India Still Thinks in British Minds

trust me this dialogue will completely change the way you think about the rivalry and relationship between China and India and it's packed with insights

you won't want to miss aging so now I got one interesting question for you and

you mentioned correctly the ethnic Indian-Americans were extremely successful in the United States yet if we look at the country of India itself I was there three times and I feel that how to really allow this potential of the Indian

people to be channeled into modernization and successful nation

building it's really daunting challenge from my Chinese point of view uh certain

stage of social reforms or even revolutions may be called for excuse for

China’s Social Reforms vs Indian Stagnation my Chinese bias such as women's liberation land reform of course at constitution level India has abolished the cast system yet still uh permating the society so how to overcome this kind of uh uh social conditions so that the potential of Indian people can be really mobilized

and to build a successful nation you're

absolutely right china is ahead of India

in many areas uh anyway China's GMP I

don't know you know this is five or six

times the size of India's G&P is much

bigger you've had land reform you've had

uh tremendous amount of social reforms

and India will have to catch up with

China but let me explain the why India I

think is going to make it because I must

tell you by the way that India is a very

very different society from China i'll

give you one example they say that China

IIT and Indian Genius Abroad—Why Not at Home?

succeeds because of its government and

you documented this india succeeds

despite its government very different but it succeeds india is chaos uh and on a

daily basis uh you have chaos and I'll

tell you one story at the height of the

financial crisis i was in India giving a

speech to the panit congress and that's

a very significant congress the Indian

Institutes of Technology by the way are

the one institution that have delivered

more American CEOs than any other

institution indian Institute of

Technology all the top CEOs in America

come from Indian technology so I was at

the congress speaking to this group at

the height of the financial crisis and I

was sitting with a group of Indian

businessmen at lunch and he said "Aren't

you worried big financial crisis

countries collapsing and they didn't

look worried." So I said come on aren't

Modi’s Cultural Revolution Against the West

you guys worried so one guy got fed up

with me he said come on Kishaw what's

going to happen if this things get worse

i said there'll be chaos he replied in

India we have chaos every

day so it's very different environment

but I can tell you that capital you know

I'm a student of KL Marx i spent a year

studying marks in Canada karl Marx

actually documented brilliantly how

capitalism really created incredible

social changes and in Europe feudalism

was destroyed by capitalism right it was

the industrial revolution that put

capital in the capitalists and the

feudal class lost power the same thing

is happening in India too and you can

see there was a uh fantastic uh page one

New York Times story which I cited in my

one of my books about how the the

untouchables as you mentioned the lowest

class in in India right who were sort of

Mobile Phones vs Land Reform: Who Wins?

in a sense had no hope suddenly by

participating in in capitalism and

markets growing themsel developing

themsel the class distinctions uh began

to go so in that sense I would say KL

Marx provides part of the answer and I

can tell you one new thing that is

happening in India which is quite

remarkable india is not as far ahead as China for

example on mobile payments but the

mobile phones are spreading in India and

the mobile phones are empowering

poor Indians and giving them access to

information knowledge connectivity that

they never had before so all these

positive trends will lead to the the

development of uh India i was reading

the other day the memoirs of your

India's former prime minister

China’s GDP Dominance: Just the Beginning

Nero i have the feeling that you know

when he encountered tough choices and

difficulties

he first thought of his schoolmates

classmates

Cambridge old school boy school or

whatever old uh club that reminds me a

constant comparison between China and

India I have many Indian friends they

always tell me English is India's

advantage over China

yeah I always say not necessary my

argument is this you know at the

technical level yes I agree with English

you can communicate better with the rest

of the world with the west with other

countries but at the strategic level you

know I always say you know fortunately

Denoping spent six years in France but

was not able to pick up the French

language Colonization of the Indian Elite’s Mind

so that allowed him to think in a

Chinese way you know when you have a a language from

another culture and which is really the language

of the India's political intellectual

elites are you worried about what sometimes we

call this colonization of mind

an example is when Deno Ping went to

Singapore he was deeply impressed with

the enormous progress Singapore has made

that was in 1978 chan was way behind but even at

that time then said we should do better

than Singapore eventually same with the United States

we should learn from United States but

don't always think eventually we should

do better than United States behind this

is he's from Chinese culture and he

Deng Xiaoping vs Nehru: Different Visions

knows very well this is a culture which

was much more advanced than the west for

so many hundreds and thousands of years

so this mentality always there we should

do better and we can do better but in

the case of India very often you are the

exception many many India scholars

politicians are met really think you

know if you're so happy that they accepted by the west well I I

got some good news for you India is changing good and uh you're

right uh in fact I've written about this

in my uh one of my first books can sting

that long after the political

decolonization of India happened in 1947

I think but the mental colonization of

India continued as you it and Indian

elites kept looking at London to get

Why Chinese Don’t Obsess Over India

answers for the future and didn't look

east but I would say in the last 2030

years the prime ministers have all been

saying look east act east and there has

been a reorientation and I would say

what makes uh prime minister Narendra

Modi the current prime minister of uh

India very very unusual is that in the

past the all the Indian prime ministers

would when they went to speak at

international forums they would speak in

English as you said and they would dress

and they would wear a jacket and tie

like you and me jacket and tie prime

Minister Narendra Modi and I heard him

in Davos in January this year never

speaks in English he speaks in Hindi he

says I will speak my language and you

never see Prime Minister Modi wearing a

jacket and tie he's always wearing uh an

Indian outfit so the what you call the

mental decolonization which is a

Can Asia Survive If China & India Clash?

critical process is happening also in

India but at the same time I would say

in defense of English uh especially for

young people uh I would say that don't

underestimate the usefulness of English

today because if you travel around the

world the one thing that you'll find

when you arrive in Argentina or South

Africa or Australia or Kazakhstan is

that if you were looking for one common

language to use most of the time most

people would speak uh English and as you

know when pilots fly across the sky the

language that they use uh when they get

air traffic clearance is English for

example so it is a very useful uh

language still to have and I wouldn't

discourage people from learning it but I

completely agree with what you said

about uh Mr duncia that we must aim to

match what the west has done and we must

now try to do better and in many areas

English Advantage or Strategic Weakness?

for example if you look at the

admissions into the top universities in

the world the Harvard the Yales the

Stanfords the Princetons you'll find

that Asian Asians including

Asian-Americans and non-American nations

are very competitive and when there is

no when there's no racial kota like in

the California Institute of Technology

Caltech 43% of the students are Asian so the

Asians have demonstrated very well that

today you put them in any situation they

can compete and they can uh do well

hello everybody um thank you Professor

Tangi and Professor Mubmani i think I'm

a poor commentator but I'm a good

student here um I gonna ask I'm not

going to comment on that but I can ask

some student questions yes I first of

2,000 Years of Peace—Can It Be Restored?

all I have to confess that um I'm a very

uh enthusiastic advocate for the collective

rights of Asia because I practiced this

myself i studied South Asia politics in

US as a Chinese student that's a very

weird combination but I did that i just

graduated from John Hopkins sites so um

so one question struck me when I was a

student that is why should we be so

optimistic about the future of the Asia

if China and India rise at the same time

will the odds of the conflict increase

or decrease that's my question and

recently I published one piece of um

article on the global times you know

that global times and Indian people keep

watching that and Chinese people also

read that closely i in the article I

said that China should re should help

India to uh industrialize its economy

because industrialization is the one of

Is China Ready to Help India Industrialize?

the most important element of the ch

China's rise if China can help India to

do that then both of them can benefit

tremendously from the process that's

that's my that was my argument but I got

attacked by a lot of people both Chinese

and Indians chinese people attacked me

because they they argued India is the

only the other 1 billion size uh economy

in the world if India get industrialized

where should China be and let me guess

the Indian the attack from the Indian

side is that why would we need Chinese

help to industrialize there we go china tried to colonize us

economically why should we let Chinese

people help us there's no point so

that's my question why you know will the

odds of conflict actually increased when

there's a collective rise of Asia now

the questions on China and India are

much more difficult to answer because I

Will India Accept Help or Call It Colonization?

don't know how many of you know this but

the relationship between China and India

is actually quite complicated

the most Chinese are not aware that

there was a border war fought between

China and India in 1962 most Indians are aware of this so

there is a certain obsession in India

about China but you don't have the

obsession in China over India it's a

asymmetrical uh relationship but at the same time the

former prime minister Manm Singh has

said the world is big enough for both

China and India to grow and I want to

make just one point on China and India

the future of Asia will depend on one

big question can China and India get along

because we are the these are the two

biggest societies china 1.4 billion

India 1.3 billion by 2050 India's

population will be bigger so if the two

most populous countries China and India

don't get along then Asia is in trouble

so it's very important that the young

people of India and the young people of

China make a huge effort to overcome the

recent untroubled history and remember

that before the period of western

colonial rule when the Asian countries

live side by side you had 2,000 years of

peace between China and India china and

India never fought a war for 2,000 years

so that long history is far more

important when you look ahead and we

should not be bothered about what

happened uh in the last 50 Yes